分子生物学方法在环境微生物生态学中的应用研究进展

发布时间：2019-01-28 22:18

【摘要】：随着分子生物学方法的不断发展和改进,微生物在生态系统中的作用被更好的挖掘出来。目前快速发展的先进的分子生物学技术,已经开始应用于分析环境微生物的多样性、微生物的生物地理学及微生物对气候变化的响应等。一般环境微生物的研究目标主要有3个,即确定微生物的种类和多样性、微生物的功能或潜在作用及在特定时间点活跃的微生物等。然而,现有微生物的研究方法复杂多样,容易给研究者在方法的选择上带来困惑。将从微生物的多样性和功能研究两个方面介绍和分析相应的分子生物学方法,尤其是近年来快速发展的高通量测序、宏组学和单细胞水平研究方法(如纳米二次离子质谱与荧光原位杂交相结合的方法)等新技术及其应用情况,以期为研究者选择合适的研究方法进行环境微生物的研究提供依据。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development and improvement of molecular biological methods, the role of microorganisms in the ecosystem has been better excavated. The rapid development of advanced molecular biology technology has been applied to analyze the diversity of environmental microorganisms, microbial biogeography and microbial response to climate change. There are three main research objectives of general environmental microorganisms, namely, to determine the species and diversity of microbes, the function or potential of microbes and the microorganisms active at a specific time point, etc. However, the existing microbial research methods are complex and diverse, which can easily lead to confusion in the choice of methods. This paper will introduce and analyze the corresponding molecular biological methods from the aspects of microbial diversity and functional research, especially the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing in recent years. New techniques such as macrography and single-cell level research methods (such as nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization) and their applications, In order to provide the basis for the researchers to select the appropriate research methods for the study of environmental microorganisms.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室;中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41301322) 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金项目(K318009902-1303) 陕西省自然科学基金资助项目(2015JQ4111)
【分类号】：X172;Q933

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