自清洗式活性生物滤池用于城市生活污水深度处理的试验研究

发布时间：2019-02-13 19:57

【摘要】：针对我国水资源紧缺和水污染加剧的情况,污水排放标准不断提高,污水深度处理技术成为研究热点,并受到广泛应用。在传统砂滤池基础上进行改良,发明了自清洗式活性生物滤池,应用于污水深度处理,提高污水处理效果,使出水达到回用标准,节约水资源。自清洗式活性生物滤池的设备投资费用低,管理简单,连续提砂清洗保证了滤料的清洁,不需要停机反冲洗,兼具过滤和生物降解双重功能,辅助化学除磷还可达到较好的除磷效果。通过小试试验考察自清洗式活性生物滤池用于污水深度处理中对SS、COD、TN、NH3-N、TP的去除效果,以期将其推广至工程实践中应用。本论文对自清洗式活性生物滤池的过滤性能进行了试验研究,得出其在滤层高度80cm、滤速4~6m/h、砂循环速率10~12mm/min的工作参数条件下,过滤性能最佳,对SS的平均去除率为65%。在最佳过滤状态下,对COD、TN、NH3-N、TP的去除率最高分别为15%、7%、12%、5%。由此可见,对有机物的去除单纯依靠过滤作用效果不明显。论文进一步对自清洗式活性生物滤池进行生物启动试验研究,碳源(甲醇)投加量为40mg/L。挂膜成功初期对COD、TN、TP的平均去除率分别为45.8%、46.7%、10.2%。装置对COD、TN的去除率基本稳定标志着挂膜成功。试验研究了气水比和水力负荷对COD、SS、TN去除效果的影响,最终确定最佳气水比为2:1,最佳水力负荷为5~6m3/(m2·h)。在自清洗式活性生物滤池本身除磷效果不佳的情况下,本文对辅助化学除磷进行试验研究。分别以硫酸铝和聚合氯化铝为混凝剂,确定各自最佳投加量分别为66mg/L和40mg/L,都可使出水TP浓度低于0.5mg/L,研究认为最优混凝剂为聚合氯化铝。由此可见,化学除磷可以明显提高自清洗式活性生物滤池的除磷能力。
[Abstract]:In view of the shortage of water resources and the aggravation of water pollution in China, sewage discharge standards have been improved continuously, and advanced sewage treatment technology has become a research hotspot and has been widely used. Based on the improvement of the traditional sand filter, a self-cleaning active biological filter was invented, which was applied to the advanced treatment of sewage, improved the effect of sewage treatment, made the effluent up to the reuse standard and saved water resources. The equipment of self-cleaning active biofilter has the advantages of low investment cost, simple management, continuous sanding cleaning to ensure the cleaning of filter material, no need to stop backwashing, and dual functions of filtration and biodegradation. Auxiliary chemical phosphorus removal can also achieve a better phosphorus removal effect. The removal effect of SS,COD,TN,NH3-N,TP in advanced sewage treatment by self-cleaning active biofilter was investigated by small scale experiment, in order to extend it to engineering practice. In this paper, the filtration performance of self-cleaning active biological filter is studied. The results show that the filtration performance is the best under the conditions of the filter height of 80 cm, the filtration rate of 4 ~ 6 m / h and the sand circulation rate 10~12mm/min. The average removal rate of SS is 65%. In the best filtration condition, the highest removal rate of COD,TN,NH3-N,TP is 15775 and 1275, respectively. It can be seen that the removal of organic matter simply depends on filtration effect is not obvious. In this paper, the biological start-up test of self-cleaning active biofilter was carried out. The amount of carbon source (methanol) was 40 mg / L. The average removal rate of COD,TN,TP was 45.8% and 46.7%, respectively. The removal rate of COD,TN by the device is basically stable, indicating the success of the film. The effects of air / water ratio and hydraulic load on COD,SS,TN removal efficiency were studied. The optimum ratio of air to water was 2: 1 and the optimal hydraulic load was 5~6m3/ (m2 h). In this paper, the auxiliary chemical phosphorus removal was studied under the condition that the phosphorus removal effect of the self-cleaning active biological filter itself was not good. With aluminum sulfate and polyaluminium chloride as coagulants, the optimum dosages of TP were determined to be 66mg/L and 40 mg / L, respectively, and the concentration of TP in water was lower than 0.5 mg / L. The optimum coagulant was found to be polyaluminum chloride. It can be seen that chemical phosphorus removal can obviously improve the phosphorus removal ability of self-cleaning active biofilter.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X799.3

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