基于淹水特征的分时段湿地生态系统管理——以南洞庭湖万子湖为例

发布时间：2019-02-24 10:42

【摘要】：利用2013年遥感影像和地形图制作地势图,将万子湖湿地洲滩分为27 m以下、27~28、28~29、29~30、30 m以上共5级地势阶梯。利用1983~2013年万子湖逐日平均水位数据分析不同地势阶梯洲滩在春汛期、洪水期、退水期、枯水期等4个时段的淹水特征,结合生物特性和人为干扰分析,确定万子湖湿地生态系统管理的边界范围和策略。研究表明:4个时段中的生态系统管理边界分别为29、31、29、28 m地势阶梯分界线,3个重点时段和管理区域为:春汛期,管理目标是产卵亲鱼保护,28 m以下洲滩是重点管理区域;退水期,管理目标是保障鱼类洄游,28 m以下洲滩和湖槽洄游通道是重点管理区域;枯水期,管理目标是洲滩上鱼类产卵场、幼鱼索饵场和越冬候鸟栖息地的恢复与保护,28 m以下洲滩是重点管理区域。而生态系统管理重点则是去除过度人为干扰(包括洲滩过度开发、过度捕捞),恢复湿地生态系统整体性功能,应坚决停止重点区域内滩涂水面的养殖承包、引淤抬洲、洲滩植树等系列干扰性活动。
[Abstract]:By using remote sensing images and topographic maps in 2013 to make topographic maps, the marshland and beach of Wanzi Lake are divided into five levels, which are below 27 m and more than 27 m. Based on the daily average water level data of Wanzi Lake from 1983 to 2013, the flooding characteristics of terraced beaches in different terrain in spring flood season, receding period and low water period were analyzed, combined with biological characteristics and human disturbance. To determine the boundary range and strategy of wetland ecosystem management in Wanzi Lake. The results show that the boundary of ecosystem management in four periods is 29 ~ 31 ~ 2929 ~ (28 m), and the three key periods and management areas are as follows: spring flood season, the management goal is to protect the spawning parent fish, and the beach below 28 m is the key management area. In receding period, the goal of management is to ensure the migration of fish, and the migration channel of beach and lake trough below 28 m is the key management area. In the dry season, the goal of management is the restoration and protection of fish spawning ground, juvenile fish bait farm and winter migratory bird habitat on the beach, and the beach below 28 m is the key management area. The emphasis of ecosystem management is to remove excessive anthropogenic interference (including excessive exploitation and overfishing) and to restore the integrated function of wetland ecosystem. A series of disturbing activities such as planting trees on the beach.
【作者单位】：湖南师范大学旅游学院;亚欧水资源研究和利用中心;湖南师范大学商学院;湖南师范大学生命科学学院;
【基金】：湖南省科技厅科技计划重点项目科技部国际科技合作专项~~
【分类号】：X171

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