不同基质和湿地植物的潜流人工湿地处理畜禽污水的效果研究

发布时间：2019-03-06 19:27

【摘要】：人工湿地污水处理技术是一种新型的污水处理技术,其因基建、运行维护成本低,环保、不易造成二次污染,且有一定的经济价值而被广泛使用。然而影响人工湿地污水处理效果的因素多种多样,其中湿地植物和湿地基质是影响人工湿地污水处理效果的主要因素。本课题主要从影响人工湿地污水处理效果因素,结合当地的地质条件和气候因素,选择了4种适宜当地生长的、具有耐污性、有一定经济价值的湿地植物,和两种污水处理效果好,成本低,不会造成二次污染且资源丰富的湿地基质,将2种湿地基质分别与碎红砖按体积比1：2混合以制成两种不同的混合基质人工湿地系统,再将4种湿地植物分别种植在系统的土壤层中,以不种植任何植物作为空白对照,通过模拟试验,比较各湿地系统对畜禽污水的净化效果,混合基质、湿地植物对各污染物的富集能力,评估出净污效果好的混合基质人工湿地系统,以丰富人工湿地植物、湿地基质资源库,为畜禽污水处理的实践应用提供理论依据。通过试验得出了如下结果：1.本试验所构建的人工湿地系统最佳水力停留时间为5d,畜禽污水进水量为2L/桶,其对畜禽污水中污染物COD、TP、TN、NH4'-N、Zn有很好的去除效果,去除率分别高达77%、81%、72%、97%、86%以上,畜禽污水出水水质达到了《城镇污水处理排放标准》的一级排放标准。2.畜禽污水进水Cu浓度为50-150ug/L、进水量为2L、水力停留时间为5d时,通过本试验构建的人工湿地系统污水处理后,其出水中未检出重金属Cu。3.在两种混合基质人工湿地系统中,“蛭石+碎砖石”型混合基质人工湿地系统对COD、 TP的去除效果显著强于“沸石+碎砖石”(p0.05)。4.在不同的湿地植物人工湿地系统中,有植物湿地系统对畜禽污水NH4+-N、TN、Zn的去除能力显著强于无植物系统(p0.05),湿地植物的生物量越大、根系越发达其去除能力越强。5.混合基质不富集氮,对磷、铜、锌的富集量很大,分别达0.4g/桶、200mg/桶、220mg/桶以上,其中沸石型混合基质对P和Zn的富集能力显著强于蛭石型(p0.05),蛭石型混合基质对Cu的富集能力显著比沸石型强(p0.05)。6.植物地上和地下部分对污水中氮、磷、铜、锌均有富集能力,其中植物地上部分富集量是地下部分富集量的2倍多。藿香、美人蕉和马蹄莲均为生物量和根系较发达的经济植物,其对氮、磷、铜、锌的富集量均显著强于生物量小、根系不发达的车前草(p0.05)。综上所述,在畜禽污水处理过程中,混合基质是污水中COD、TP去除的主要因子,湿地植物对畜禽污水中TN、Zn、NH4+-N去除扮演了重要角色；马蹄莲、美人蕉和藿香均宜作为具有经济价值的湿地植物；沸石+碎砖石用于处理含P、Zn污水、蛭石+碎砖石用于处理含Cu污水具有很好的发展前景。
[Abstract]:Constructed wetland sewage treatment technology is a new type of sewage treatment technology. It is widely used because of its low cost of operation and maintenance, environmental protection, not easy to cause secondary pollution, and has a certain economic value. However, there are many factors affecting the wastewater treatment efficiency of constructed wetland, among which wetland plants and wetland substrate are the main factors affecting the treatment efficiency of constructed wetland wastewater. In this paper, four kinds of wetland plants, which are suitable for local growth and have certain economic value, are selected from the factors that affect the sewage treatment efficiency of constructed wetlands, combined with local geological conditions and climatic factors, which are suitable for local growth, and have certain economic value. And two kinds of wetland matrix, which have good effect and low cost, will not cause secondary pollution and are rich in resources. Two kinds of wetland matrix and broken red brick are mixed to make two kinds of mixed matrix constructed wetland system according to the volume ratio of 1:2 in order to make two different kinds of mixed matrix constructed wetland system. Then four kinds of wetland plants were planted in the soil layer of the system respectively, and no plants were used as the blank control. Through the simulation experiment, the purification effect of each wetland system on livestock and poultry wastewater was compared, and the mixed substrate was mixed. The enrichment ability of wetland plants to each pollutant was evaluated and the mixed matrix constructed wetland system with good purification effect was evaluated in order to enrich the constructed wetland plants and wetland matrix resource pool and provide theoretical basis for the practical application of livestock and poultry wastewater treatment. The following results have been obtained through experiments: 1. The optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the constructed wetland system was 5 days, and the influent volume of livestock and poultry wastewater was 2L/ bucket. It had a good effect on the removal of pollutant COD,TP,TN,NH4'-N,Zn in livestock wastewater, and the removal rate was as high as 77%, respectively. 81%, 72%, 97%, 86%, respectively. The effluent water quality of livestock and poultry reached the first grade discharge standard of < Municipal Wastewater treatment Standard >. 2. When the influent Cu concentration is 50 渭 g / L, the influent water is 2L and the hydraulic retention time is 5 days, the heavy metal Cu.3. is not detected in the effluent of constructed wetland system. In two kinds of mixed matrix constructed wetland system, "vermiculite crushed brick" type mixed matrix constructed wetland system had better removal effect on COD, TP than "zeolite crushed brick" (p0.05). In different wetland plant constructed wetland systems, the removal capacity of NH4-N in livestock wastewater was significantly stronger than that in non-plant system (p0.05), and the biomass of wetland plants was larger, and the removal capacity of Zn and Zn in livestock wastewater was significantly higher than that in non-plant-free system (p0.05). The more developed the root system, the stronger the removal ability. 5. The concentration of P, Cu and Zn in mixed matrix was higher than that of 0.4g/, 200mg/ and 220mg/ respectively. The enrichment of P and Zn by zeolite matrix was significantly stronger than that of vermiculite (p0.05), and the concentration of P and Zn was higher than that of vermiculite (p0.05), and the concentration of P and Zn was higher than that of vermiculite (p0.05). The enrichment ability of vermiculite mixed matrix to Cu was significantly stronger than that of zeolite type (p0.05). The above-ground and underground parts of plants have the ability to enrich nitrogen, phosphorus, copper and zinc in sewage, in which the above-ground parts of plants are more than twice the amount of underground ones. Huoxiang, Canna plantain and Horseshoe lotus are economic plants with more developed biomass and root system, and their accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, copper and zinc is significantly stronger than that of the small biomass and underdeveloped roots (p0.05). In conclusion, in the process of livestock wastewater treatment, mixed substrate is the main factor of COD,TP removal, and wetland plants play an important role in the removal of TN,Zn,NH4-N from livestock wastewater. Horseshoe lotus, plantain and Huoxiang are suitable for wetland plants with economic value, zeolite crushed brick is used to treat wastewater containing P and Zn, and vermiculite broken brick is used to treat Cu-containing wastewater, which has a good prospect of development.
【学位授予单位】：四川农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X713

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