成都市某垃圾填埋场及其周边地区地下水污染风险评价
发布时间：2019-03-08 16:55
【摘要】：成都市某垃圾填埋场,一期工程建设中,满足了当时的建设技术标准要求,只采取了垂向防渗措施,没有采取水平横向防渗措施,经过多年的运行,渗滤液有可能扩散到地下水系统中造成区域地下水污染。本文以垃圾场为研究对象,在对地下水污染的污染源、污染途径和污染受体分别进行量化评价的基础上,利用GIS软件的地理数据管理和空间计算功能,对垃圾场区域进行地下水进行污染风险分区,对垃圾场区域地下水污染风险管理提供理论依据。本文取得的主要研究成果如下:(1)进行地下水固有脆弱性进行评价,采用DRASTIC模型,并利用GIS的空间计算功能,分别对模型中的7个评价因子进行评分和分区,最终通过地图代数将7个评价因子进行运算叠加,得到研究区的地下水固有脆弱性评分分区结果。评价结果表明,脆弱性稍高的区域主要分布在垃圾填埋场地下水流向上游处,该区域含水层以砂岩为主,渗透性较高,污染物易向地下水运移。(2)建立了地下水资源功能价值评价指标体系,主要包括人口密度、地下水水质、地下水超采程度和地下水资源模数4项指标,采用层次分析法来确定权重,最后利用GIS计算出评价结果并进行分区。评价结果表明,地下水资源功能价值在中等以上的区域都是人口较为密集的平原区域,水质相对较差。(3)结合了简单评判法和详细分级法,对地下水污染源污染载荷进行评估,并利用GIS划分出分区图。评价结果显示,地下水污染载荷风险级别为中等和高级别的区域主要分布在人口密集的下游区域,这些区域的人口较为集中、农业和工业活动频繁,外加上游的生活污染有向下游的累积的作用,对下游地下水影响更甚。(4)基于GIS的地图代数计算功能,对地下水固有脆弱性、地下水资源功能价值、地下水污染载荷评估的评价结果进行空间运算,得到成都市某垃圾场的地下水污染风险评价结果。地下水污染风险较高和污染风险高的区域主要分布在平原地区的城镇和山区人口比较集中的城镇、乡村,这些区域的地下水污染源类型多风险高,地下水资源功能价值也相对较高,对这类区域地下水的开采利用以及污染的监管应尤为重视。在地下水污染风险评价结果的基础上,提出了分级管理、污染源分类治理、地下水开采管理的污染风险管理方案,从技术、经济、政策等方面约束导致地下水产生污染的行为。
[Abstract]:In a landfill in Chengdu, in the first phase of the project, meeting the requirements of the construction technical standard at that time, only the vertical anti-seepage measures are adopted, and the horizontal and horizontal anti-seepage measures are not adopted, and after many years of operation, The leachate is likely to diffuse into the groundwater system to cause regional groundwater contamination. Based on the quantitative evaluation of the pollution sources, the pollution ways and the pollution acceptors of the groundwater pollution, the paper makes use of the geographic data management and the space calculation of the GIS software to carry out the pollution risk zoning of the groundwater in the area of the garbage dump. To provide a theoretical basis for the risk management of groundwater pollution in the area of the garbage dump. The main research results are as follows: (1) The inherent vulnerability of groundwater is evaluated, the DRASTIC model is used, and the spatial calculation function of GIS is used to score and partition the seven evaluation factors in the model, respectively. And finally, the seven evaluation factors are subjected to operation and superposition through the map algebra to obtain the partition result of the groundwater inherent vulnerability score of the study area. The results show that the region with a slightly higher vulnerability is mainly distributed at the upstream of the groundwater flow in the landfill, which is mainly sandstone, with high permeability and easy migration of the pollutants to the groundwater. (2) The evaluation index system of the function value of the groundwater resources is established, which mainly includes the population density, the groundwater quality, the groundwater super-mining degree and the groundwater resource modulus of 4 indexes, the level analysis method is adopted to determine the weight, and finally, the evaluation result is calculated and the partition is carried out by using the GIS. The results of the evaluation show that the groundwater resource's functional value is more than the middle, and the water quality is relatively poor. (3) The pollution load of the groundwater pollution source is evaluated by combining the simple judgment method and the detailed classification method, and the partition map is divided by the GIS. The results of the evaluation show that the risk level of the groundwater pollution load is the main distribution of the middle and high-grade regions in the densely populated, downstream region, the population of these regions is more concentrated, the agricultural and industrial activities are frequent, and the upstream domestic pollution has a cumulative effect on the downstream, The impact on the downstream groundwater is even greater. (4) Based on the GIS-based map algebra calculation, the evaluation results of the groundwater inherent vulnerability, the groundwater resource function value and the groundwater pollution load evaluation are carried out, so as to obtain the groundwater pollution risk evaluation result of a certain dump site in Chengdu. The areas with high risk of groundwater pollution and high risk of pollution are mainly distributed in the urban and rural areas of the plain area and the population of the mountainous areas. The types of groundwater pollution sources in these areas are high, and the functional value of the groundwater resources is relatively high. The exploitation and utilization of groundwater in such areas and the regulation of pollution should be paid special attention. On the basis of the result of the risk assessment of groundwater pollution, the pollution risk management scheme of classification management, pollution source classification and management and the management of groundwater exploitation is put forward, and the pollution caused by the groundwater is restrained from the aspects of technology, economy, policy and so on.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X705;X824
本文编号：2437007
[Abstract]:In a landfill in Chengdu, in the first phase of the project, meeting the requirements of the construction technical standard at that time, only the vertical anti-seepage measures are adopted, and the horizontal and horizontal anti-seepage measures are not adopted, and after many years of operation, The leachate is likely to diffuse into the groundwater system to cause regional groundwater contamination. Based on the quantitative evaluation of the pollution sources, the pollution ways and the pollution acceptors of the groundwater pollution, the paper makes use of the geographic data management and the space calculation of the GIS software to carry out the pollution risk zoning of the groundwater in the area of the garbage dump. To provide a theoretical basis for the risk management of groundwater pollution in the area of the garbage dump. The main research results are as follows: (1) The inherent vulnerability of groundwater is evaluated, the DRASTIC model is used, and the spatial calculation function of GIS is used to score and partition the seven evaluation factors in the model, respectively. And finally, the seven evaluation factors are subjected to operation and superposition through the map algebra to obtain the partition result of the groundwater inherent vulnerability score of the study area. The results show that the region with a slightly higher vulnerability is mainly distributed at the upstream of the groundwater flow in the landfill, which is mainly sandstone, with high permeability and easy migration of the pollutants to the groundwater. (2) The evaluation index system of the function value of the groundwater resources is established, which mainly includes the population density, the groundwater quality, the groundwater super-mining degree and the groundwater resource modulus of 4 indexes, the level analysis method is adopted to determine the weight, and finally, the evaluation result is calculated and the partition is carried out by using the GIS. The results of the evaluation show that the groundwater resource's functional value is more than the middle, and the water quality is relatively poor. (3) The pollution load of the groundwater pollution source is evaluated by combining the simple judgment method and the detailed classification method, and the partition map is divided by the GIS. The results of the evaluation show that the risk level of the groundwater pollution load is the main distribution of the middle and high-grade regions in the densely populated, downstream region, the population of these regions is more concentrated, the agricultural and industrial activities are frequent, and the upstream domestic pollution has a cumulative effect on the downstream, The impact on the downstream groundwater is even greater. (4) Based on the GIS-based map algebra calculation, the evaluation results of the groundwater inherent vulnerability, the groundwater resource function value and the groundwater pollution load evaluation are carried out, so as to obtain the groundwater pollution risk evaluation result of a certain dump site in Chengdu. The areas with high risk of groundwater pollution and high risk of pollution are mainly distributed in the urban and rural areas of the plain area and the population of the mountainous areas. The types of groundwater pollution sources in these areas are high, and the functional value of the groundwater resources is relatively high. The exploitation and utilization of groundwater in such areas and the regulation of pollution should be paid special attention. On the basis of the result of the risk assessment of groundwater pollution, the pollution risk management scheme of classification management, pollution source classification and management and the management of groundwater exploitation is put forward, and the pollution caused by the groundwater is restrained from the aspects of technology, economy, policy and so on.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X705;X824
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，本文编号：2437007
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