兰州市不同细颗粒物中PAHs污染特征及其健康风险评价
发布时间：2019-03-17 14:07
【摘要】：多环芳烃(PAHs)因具有高毒性、难降解、生物蓄积等特点而受到广泛关注,大气环境中PAHs不仅可以通过长距离输送影响区域甚至全球空气质量,也可以通过呼吸和食物链进入人体,严重威胁人类健康。本文通过采集大气环境及餐饮油烟细颗粒物样品,利用GC-MS分析细颗粒物中PAHs,探讨兰州市大气细颗粒物中PAHs的污染特征及其影响因素,并初步评估不同细颗粒物中PAHs的健康风险,取得一些研究结果：(1)兰州市大气细颗粒物中PAHs具有明显污染特征,ΣPAHs质量浓度年变化呈“U”型,为9.39-202.78ng/m3,平均浓度为54.19 ng/m3;冬秋季明显高于春夏季,且冬季最高,夏季最低；采暖期ΣPAHs质量浓度远高于非采暖期,分别为102.43ng/m3和19.74ng/m3。不同季节大气细颗粒物中PAHs均以4～6环为主,春秋冬季BbF的污染水平较高,夏季则为BkF。(2)兰州市不同季节大气颗粒物中PAHs来源不尽相同,大气细颗粒物中PAHs主要来源于燃煤和机动车尾气,春夏季主要来源为石油源和燃煤,且夏季有部分来源于秸秆燃烧；秋季主要来源为燃煤、石油源以及秸秆的燃烧,有部分炼焦及钢铁源；冬季主要来源为燃煤。(3)兰州市餐饮店以中小型为主,占总量的80%以上,经营类型多样,清洁能源占总量的63.11%,但安装油烟净化设施的比例较低,仅为36.42%；油烟中PM2.5的质量浓度远高于大气环境,操作间和油烟排放口PM2.5平均质量浓度分别为2044.75μg/m3和5644.62μg/m3。(4)餐饮店操作间和油烟排放口细颗粒物中ΣPAHs质量浓度范围分别为170.58～499.71ng/m3和219.76～836.14ng/m3；且以4～5环为主,分别占ΣPAHs的61.36%和62.29%,其中Pyr污染水平较高,质量浓度分别为38.57ng/m3和61.91ng/m3。(5)不同餐饮类别操作间和油烟排放口细颗粒物中ΣPAHs污染水平以酒楼和烤肉较高,质量浓度分别为499.71ng/m3和616.71ng/m3,湘菜最低；ΣPAHs质量浓度随着炉灶数的增加而逐渐升高,不同食用油和燃料油烟细颗粒物中ΣPAHs质量浓度分别以色拉油和燃煤最高。(6)成人和儿童通过呼吸暴露Bap的终身致癌超额危险度分别为1.25×10-5和8.73×10-6,造成预期寿命损失分别为77.86min和54.26min；餐饮工作人员终身致癌风险在4.40×10-6～2.61×10-5之间,平均值为1.15×10-5,餐饮工作人员的预期寿命损失为27.33～162.02min,平均值为71.21min。综上所述,兰州市大气及餐饮油烟细颗粒物中PAHs均处于较高的污染水平,不同人群(成人、儿童和餐饮工作人员)呼吸暴露致癌风险均超过WHO推荐的可接受水平1×10-6。
[Abstract]:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have received extensive attention because of their high toxicity, refractory degradation and bioaccumulation. PAHs in atmospheric environment can not only affect regional and global air quality through long-distance transport, but also affect regional and global air quality. It can also enter the human body through breathing and food chain, which is a serious threat to human health. In this paper, the pollution characteristics of fine particulate matter (PAHs) in atmosphere and fine particulate matter in Lanzhou city and its influencing factors were studied by means of GC-MS analysis of PAHs, in fine particulate matter of atmospheric environment and fine particulate matter of food and beverage. The health risks of PAHs in different fine particles were evaluated and some results were obtained as follows: (1) PAHs in atmospheric fine particles in Lanzhou had obvious pollution characteristics, and the annual variation of 危 PAHs concentration was "U" type, which was 9.39 ~ 202.78 ng / m3. Mean concentration was 54.19 ng/m3; It was higher in winter and autumn than in spring and summer, and the highest in winter and the lowest in summer; The concentration of 危 PAHs in heating period was much higher than that in non-heating period, which were 102.43ng/m3 and 19.74 ng / m 3, respectively. The PAHs in fine particulate matter in different seasons was mainly 4 ~ 6 rings, the pollution level of BbF in spring, autumn and winter was relatively high, and in summer, the source of PAHs in atmospheric particulate matter in Lanzhou was different from that in BkF. (2) in different seasons, and the pollution level was higher in spring and autumn than in summer. The main sources of PAHs in atmospheric fine particulate matter are coal combustion and motor vehicle exhaust, oil and coal combustion are the main sources in spring and summer, and some of them come from straw combustion in summer. The main sources in autumn are coal combustion, petroleum and straw combustion, and some coking and iron sources. The main source in winter is coal burning. (3) the restaurants in Lanzhou City are mainly medium and small size, accounting for more than 80% of the total. The types of operation are diverse, and the clean energy accounts for 63.11% of the total. However, the proportion of installation of oil fume purification facilities is relatively low, only 36.42%; The mass concentration of PM2.5 in oil fume is much higher than that in atmospheric environment. The average mass concentration of PM2.5 was 2044.75 渭 g / m ~ 3 and 5644.62 渭 g / m ~ (3) 路(4) the concentration range of 危 PAHs in fine particulate matter was 170.58~499.71ng in the operation room and oil fume vent, respectively. / m3 and 219.76 / 836.14 ng / m3; It is mainly composed of 4 ~ 5 rings, accounting for 61.36% and 62.29% of 危 PAHs, respectively. The pollution level of Pyr is relatively high. The concentrations of 危 PAHs were 38.57ng/m3 and 61.91 ng / m3. (5) the 危 PAHs pollution levels in fine particulate matter were higher in restaurants and barbecues, and the concentrations of 危 PAHs were 616.71 ng / m3 and 616.71 ng / m3 in different food and beverage operation rooms, respectively, and the pollution levels of 危 PAHs in fine particulate matter were higher in restaurants and barbecued meats, respectively. Hunan cuisine is the lowest; The mass concentration of 危 PAHs increases gradually with the increase of the number of stoves. The concentrations of 危 PAHs in fine particulate matter of edible oil and fuel oil were the highest in salad oil and coal combustion respectively. (6) the lifetime excess carcinogenic risk of Bap exposure in adults and children was 1.25 脳 10 脳 5 and 8.73 脳 10 脳 6, respectively. The life expectancy loss was 77.86min and 54.26 min respectively. The lifetime carcinogenic risk of catering workers ranged from 4.40 脳 10 ~ (- 6) to 2.61 脳 10 ~ (- 5), with an average of 1.15 脳 10 ~ (5). The life expectancy loss of catering workers was 27.33 ~ 162.02 minutes (average 71.21 minutes). In conclusion, the levels of PAHs in air and fine particulate matter of catering oil smoke in Lanzhou were high, and the risk of carcinogenesis of respiratory exposure in different groups (adults, children and catering workers) was higher than the acceptable level of 1 脳 10 ~ (- 6) recommended by WHO.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X513;X823
[Abstract]:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have received extensive attention because of their high toxicity, refractory degradation and bioaccumulation. PAHs in atmospheric environment can not only affect regional and global air quality through long-distance transport, but also affect regional and global air quality. It can also enter the human body through breathing and food chain, which is a serious threat to human health. In this paper, the pollution characteristics of fine particulate matter (PAHs) in atmosphere and fine particulate matter in Lanzhou city and its influencing factors were studied by means of GC-MS analysis of PAHs, in fine particulate matter of atmospheric environment and fine particulate matter of food and beverage. The health risks of PAHs in different fine particles were evaluated and some results were obtained as follows: (1) PAHs in atmospheric fine particles in Lanzhou had obvious pollution characteristics, and the annual variation of 危 PAHs concentration was "U" type, which was 9.39 ~ 202.78 ng / m3. Mean concentration was 54.19 ng/m3; It was higher in winter and autumn than in spring and summer, and the highest in winter and the lowest in summer; The concentration of 危 PAHs in heating period was much higher than that in non-heating period, which were 102.43ng/m3 and 19.74 ng / m 3, respectively. The PAHs in fine particulate matter in different seasons was mainly 4 ~ 6 rings, the pollution level of BbF in spring, autumn and winter was relatively high, and in summer, the source of PAHs in atmospheric particulate matter in Lanzhou was different from that in BkF. (2) in different seasons, and the pollution level was higher in spring and autumn than in summer. The main sources of PAHs in atmospheric fine particulate matter are coal combustion and motor vehicle exhaust, oil and coal combustion are the main sources in spring and summer, and some of them come from straw combustion in summer. The main sources in autumn are coal combustion, petroleum and straw combustion, and some coking and iron sources. The main source in winter is coal burning. (3) the restaurants in Lanzhou City are mainly medium and small size, accounting for more than 80% of the total. The types of operation are diverse, and the clean energy accounts for 63.11% of the total. However, the proportion of installation of oil fume purification facilities is relatively low, only 36.42%; The mass concentration of PM2.5 in oil fume is much higher than that in atmospheric environment. The average mass concentration of PM2.5 was 2044.75 渭 g / m ~ 3 and 5644.62 渭 g / m ~ (3) 路(4) the concentration range of 危 PAHs in fine particulate matter was 170.58~499.71ng in the operation room and oil fume vent, respectively. / m3 and 219.76 / 836.14 ng / m3; It is mainly composed of 4 ~ 5 rings, accounting for 61.36% and 62.29% of 危 PAHs, respectively. The pollution level of Pyr is relatively high. The concentrations of 危 PAHs were 38.57ng/m3 and 61.91 ng / m3. (5) the 危 PAHs pollution levels in fine particulate matter were higher in restaurants and barbecues, and the concentrations of 危 PAHs were 616.71 ng / m3 and 616.71 ng / m3 in different food and beverage operation rooms, respectively, and the pollution levels of 危 PAHs in fine particulate matter were higher in restaurants and barbecued meats, respectively. Hunan cuisine is the lowest; The mass concentration of 危 PAHs increases gradually with the increase of the number of stoves. The concentrations of 危 PAHs in fine particulate matter of edible oil and fuel oil were the highest in salad oil and coal combustion respectively. (6) the lifetime excess carcinogenic risk of Bap exposure in adults and children was 1.25 脳 10 脳 5 and 8.73 脳 10 脳 6, respectively. The life expectancy loss was 77.86min and 54.26 min respectively. The lifetime carcinogenic risk of catering workers ranged from 4.40 脳 10 ~ (- 6) to 2.61 脳 10 ~ (- 5), with an average of 1.15 脳 10 ~ (5). The life expectancy loss of catering workers was 27.33 ~ 162.02 minutes (average 71.21 minutes). In conclusion, the levels of PAHs in air and fine particulate matter of catering oil smoke in Lanzhou were high, and the risk of carcinogenesis of respiratory exposure in different groups (adults, children and catering workers) was higher than the acceptable level of 1 脳 10 ~ (- 6) recommended by WHO.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X513;X823
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