平朔露天矿区土壤重金属空间分布特征及含量分析
发布时间：2019-04-28 21:20
【摘要】：在煤炭的生产过程中,煤矸石和煤粉灰等废弃物的排放可能会造成土壤重金属污染,破坏采矿区周边的自然环境与生态系统,影响土壤环境质量,导致农作物产量下降,威胁人类生命安全。本文以平朔露天矿区为例,对土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn七种重金属元素进行统计分析,基于地统计学理论和GIS分析其空间变异性,用空间插值方法模拟其空间分布特征,对其污染状况进行判定,并讨论了不同土地利用类型和复垦年限土壤重金属含量的特征,最后对土壤重金属与土壤理化性质之间的关系进行探讨,以期在实践中能够为土壤重金属的分布规律和土壤环境质量的监测提供参考。研究结果如下:(1)研究区内各土壤重金属元素的空间变异性差异较大。其中,矿区周边的自然土壤和矿区内部土壤中Hg元素均表现出强变异性,As、Cd、Cu、Zn元素体现出中等变异性,Cr和Pb元素则表现出弱变异性。表明人类的活动对研究区Hg元素的空间分布形成较为强烈的干扰作用。(2)研究区所有土壤重金属元素均表现出中等空间相关性,表明研究区重金属的空间分布受到人为因素和自然因素的共同影响。其中,As、Cd、Cr、Hg和Pb元素的空间变异主要由随机性因素造成,而Cu和Zn元素的空间变异主要受研究区自然和区域环境因素的影响,同时人为活动对其分布也产生了一定的影响。(3)研究区土壤重金属含量分布不均匀。矿区周边居民区土壤重金属含量偏高,原地貌的含量则较低。安太堡南排土场重金属含量低于其它几个排土场。研究区Cu和Zn含量适中,As、Cd、Cr、Hg和Pb则存在轻度富集现象,存在外来污染源。(4)对于研究区自然土壤而言,不同土地利用方式下,Cr、Cd、Hg和Zn元素的含量变化较大;对于复垦土壤而言,在不同土地利用方式下则只有Cd和Zn的含量变化较大,其余重金属元素则在不同土地利用类型间的含量差异并不大。(5)研究区复垦土壤中重金属的含量并未随着土壤复垦时间的增加而表现出规律性的变化。(6)不同土壤理化性质指标对于土壤重金属元素含量的影响不同。其中,P和有效P这两项指标与土壤重金属含量的关系较为紧密。
[Abstract]:In the process of coal production, the discharge of wastes such as coal gangue and coal dust may cause heavy metal pollution in the soil, destroy the natural environment and ecosystem around the mining area, affect the quality of the soil environment, and lead to the decline of crop yield. Threaten the safety of human life. Taking Pingshuo open-pit mining area as an example, seven heavy metal elements (As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Pb and Zn) in soil were statistically analyzed, and their spatial variability was analyzed based on geostatistics theory and GIS. Spatial interpolation method was used to simulate its spatial distribution characteristics, to judge its pollution status, and to discuss the characteristics of heavy metal content in soils of different land use types and reclamation years. Finally, the relationship between soil heavy metals and soil physical and chemical properties was discussed in order to provide reference for monitoring the distribution of soil heavy metals and soil environmental quality in practice. The results are as follows: (1) the spatial variability of soil heavy metal elements in the study area is quite different. Among them, both the natural soil around the mining area and the inner soil showed strong variability, while the As,Cd,Cu,Zn element showed moderate variability, while the Cr and Pb elements showed weak variability. The results show that human activities strongly interfere with the spatial distribution of Hg elements in the study area. (2) all the soil heavy metal elements in the study area show moderate spatial correlation. The results show that the spatial distribution of heavy metals in the study area is affected by both human and natural factors. The spatial variation of As,Cd,Cr,Hg and Pb elements is mainly caused by random factors, while the spatial variations of Cu and Zn elements are mainly influenced by the natural and regional environmental factors in the study area. At the same time, the distribution of heavy metals was influenced by human activities. (3) the distribution of heavy metals in soil was not uniform. The contents of heavy metals in the surrounding residential areas are relatively high, but the contents of the original landforms are relatively low. The content of heavy metals in Antaibao South dump is lower than that in other dump sites. The contents of Cu and Zn in the study area are moderate, while As,Cd,Cr,Hg and Pb are slightly enriched, and there are external pollution sources. (4) for the natural soil of the study area, under different land use patterns, Cr,Cd, exists. The content of Hg and Zn changed greatly. For reclaimed soil, only the contents of Cd and Zn changed greatly under different land use patterns. (5) the contents of heavy metals in the reclaimed soil of the study area did not change regularly with the increase of soil reclamation time. (6) the contents of heavy metals in the reclaimed soil of the study area did not change regularly with the increase of soil reclamation time. The effects of different soil physical and chemical properties on the content of heavy metal elements were different. Among them, P and available P were closely related to the content of heavy metals in soil.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X53
[Abstract]:In the process of coal production, the discharge of wastes such as coal gangue and coal dust may cause heavy metal pollution in the soil, destroy the natural environment and ecosystem around the mining area, affect the quality of the soil environment, and lead to the decline of crop yield. Threaten the safety of human life. Taking Pingshuo open-pit mining area as an example, seven heavy metal elements (As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Pb and Zn) in soil were statistically analyzed, and their spatial variability was analyzed based on geostatistics theory and GIS. Spatial interpolation method was used to simulate its spatial distribution characteristics, to judge its pollution status, and to discuss the characteristics of heavy metal content in soils of different land use types and reclamation years. Finally, the relationship between soil heavy metals and soil physical and chemical properties was discussed in order to provide reference for monitoring the distribution of soil heavy metals and soil environmental quality in practice. The results are as follows: (1) the spatial variability of soil heavy metal elements in the study area is quite different. Among them, both the natural soil around the mining area and the inner soil showed strong variability, while the As,Cd,Cu,Zn element showed moderate variability, while the Cr and Pb elements showed weak variability. The results show that human activities strongly interfere with the spatial distribution of Hg elements in the study area. (2) all the soil heavy metal elements in the study area show moderate spatial correlation. The results show that the spatial distribution of heavy metals in the study area is affected by both human and natural factors. The spatial variation of As,Cd,Cr,Hg and Pb elements is mainly caused by random factors, while the spatial variations of Cu and Zn elements are mainly influenced by the natural and regional environmental factors in the study area. At the same time, the distribution of heavy metals was influenced by human activities. (3) the distribution of heavy metals in soil was not uniform. The contents of heavy metals in the surrounding residential areas are relatively high, but the contents of the original landforms are relatively low. The content of heavy metals in Antaibao South dump is lower than that in other dump sites. The contents of Cu and Zn in the study area are moderate, while As,Cd,Cr,Hg and Pb are slightly enriched, and there are external pollution sources. (4) for the natural soil of the study area, under different land use patterns, Cr,Cd, exists. The content of Hg and Zn changed greatly. For reclaimed soil, only the contents of Cd and Zn changed greatly under different land use patterns. (5) the contents of heavy metals in the reclaimed soil of the study area did not change regularly with the increase of soil reclamation time. (6) the contents of heavy metals in the reclaimed soil of the study area did not change regularly with the increase of soil reclamation time. The effects of different soil physical and chemical properties on the content of heavy metal elements were different. Among them, P and available P were closely related to the content of heavy metals in soil.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X53
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 李向;徐清;;基于灰色关联分析理论的典型区域土壤重金属污染评价研究[J];安全与环境学报;2012年01期
2 刘s，
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