大连市售水产品重金属含量特征及其暴露风险分析
发布时间：2019-06-17 12:03
【摘要】：近年来,随着大连沿海临港工业的高速发展,周边城镇生活污水和工业废水排放入海,致使海洋环境日趋恶化;同时,淡水湖泊、河流、水库等水体,也因工农业生产活动受到了各类污染物的威胁。重金属因其特殊的理化特性及毒性效应表现出高度的危害性和难治理性,已成为威胁我国环境保护和食品安全的主要因素之一。本文通过对大连市民水产品消费情况进行问卷调查,统计居民日常消费水产品的种类及消费量,在鱼、虾、蟹、贝、藻、棘皮、环节类中筛选出典型的种类。通过采集典型水产品样本,检测其体内Cu、Cd、Pb、Hg、As 5种重金属含量,分析不同重金属在各类水产品中的含量特征。依据限量标准对水产品重金属污染水平做出评估,并分析我市居民食用水产品导致重金属暴露的风险性。研究结果如下:(1)问卷调查的主要结果:确定了市民主要选取的水产品,其中海水鱼为鲅、带鱼、大黄鱼、小黄鱼、褐牙鲆、孔鳐;淡水鱼为鲫、鲤、草鱼、鲢;甲壳类为中华管鞭虾、刀额新对虾、中国对虾、口虾蛄、远海梭子蟹、三疣梭子蟹、中华绒螯蟹;贝类为长牡蛎、虾夷扇贝、缢蛏、中国枪乌贼;藻类为海带、紫菜;棘皮类为刺参、马粪海胆,环节类为单环刺嚑。各类水产品每周消费量为:淡水鱼0.19kg、海水鱼0.229 kg、虾类0.184 kg、蟹类0.163 kg、贝类0.185 kg、藻类0.13 kg、棘皮、环节类为0.114 kg。(2)水产品重金属含量的主要特征:海水鱼体内Cu含量小于淡水鱼,其他4种重金属含量均大于淡水鱼。这种差异受到鱼类的来源及食性的影响。孔鳐作为近海捕捞的肉食性鱼类,在四种不同来源的鱼类中,其体内Cd、Hg、Pb含量最高;在三种不同食性的鱼类中,其体内Hg含量最高。虾、蟹等甲壳类Cu、Cd、Pb、Hg含量存在显著性差异,其中口虾蛄体内Cu、Cd、Pb含量最高,蟹类体内Hg含量最高。贝类Cu、Cd、As含量存在显著性差异,其长牡蛎体内Cu、Cd含量最高,缢蛏体内As含量最高。藻类样品中,紫菜为干制品,其体内5种重金属含量均高于鲜海带。刺参、马粪海胆、单环刺嚑三种样品,Cu、Hg含量存在显著性差异,其中单环刺嚑体内Cu含量最高,马粪海胆体内Hg含量最高。单一重金属在不同大类水产品中的含量分析结果为:不同类水产品Cu、Hg、As、Cd含量存在显著性差异,其中甲壳类体内Cu、Hg、As含量最大,贝类体内Cd含量最大。(3)污染水平与暴露风险评价:1)重金属超标情况:本次选取的所有水产品Cu和Hg的检出值均未超过限量标准,但各类水产品Cd、Pb、As的检出含量存在不同程度超标。2)耐受量评价:食用孔鳐导致人体每周Hg摄入量的最大值与PTWI比大于1;食用长牡蛎导致人体每周Cd摄入量的最大值与PTWI比大于1,食用其他水产品导致各种重金属每周摄入量的最大值与PTWI比均小于1。3)非致癌风险评价:贝类的非致癌风险危害商数值(ΣTHQ)明显大于其他六类水产品,牡蛎HQ(Cd)的含量值最大,5种元素的THQ值由高到低依次为AsCdPbCuHg。本研究认为,为降低人体Hg、Cd的暴露风险,建议我市居民孔鳐的每周食用量应控制在0.2kg以下,长牡蛎的每周食用量应低于0.15kg。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the high-speed development of the port industry in the coastal city of Dalian, the domestic sewage and industrial waste water in the surrounding towns and towns are discharged into the sea, so that the marine environment is getting worse and worse; at the same time, the freshwater lakes, rivers, reservoirs and other water bodies are also threatened by various pollutants due to the industrial and agricultural production activities. Heavy metal has become one of the main factors that threaten the environmental protection and food safety in China because of its special physical and chemical properties and its toxicity. In this paper, through a questionnaire survey on the consumption of aquatic products in Dalian, the species and consumption of the daily consumption aquatic products of the residents are counted, and the typical species are selected in the fish, the shrimp, the crab, the shellfish, the algae, the echinoderm and the link class. The contents of Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg and As in the samples of typical aquatic products were collected, and the contents of different heavy metals in various aquatic products were analyzed. The heavy metal pollution level of the aquatic products is evaluated according to the limit standard, and the risk of heavy metal exposure caused by the edible aquatic products of the residents in our city is analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) The main results of the questionnaire are as follows: (1) The main results of the survey are as follows: the main selection of the aquatic products is determined: the sea water fish is a fish, a fish, a big yellow fish, a small yellow fish, a brown tooth, a hole, a freshwater fish is a crucian carp, a carp, a grass carp and a fish, and the crustacean is a Chinese pipe whip and a new prawn, The penaeus chinensis, the shrimp, the far-sea shed, the three-legged crab, the Chinese velvet and the crab, the shellfish are the long-term oyster, the shrimp, the scallop, the oyster, the Chinese shooting cuttlefish, the algae is the kelp, the laver, the echinoderm is the stichopus japonicus, the horse dung sea urchin, the link is a single-ring thorn. The weekly consumption of all kinds of aquatic products is: 0.19 kg of freshwater fish, 0.229 kg of sea water fish, 0.184 kg of shrimp, 0.163 kg of crab, 0.185 kg of shellfish, 0.13 kg of algae, and 0.114 kg of acanthosis. (2) The main characteristics of the heavy metal content of the aquatic products: the content of Cu in the marine fish is less than that of the freshwater fish, and the content of the other four heavy metals is greater than that of the freshwater fish. This difference is influenced by the source and the feeding habits of the fish. The content of Cd, Hg and Pb in the fish of four different sources is the highest among the three different kinds of fish, and the Hg content in the fish is the highest in the three different kinds of fish. The content of Cu, Cd, Pb and Hg in the shrimp and crab was the highest, and the content of Hg in the crab was the highest. There was a significant difference in the contents of Cu, Cd and As in the shellfish, the contents of Cu and Cd in the long-term oyster were the highest, and the contents of As in the body were the highest. In the algae sample, the laver is a dry product, and the content of the five heavy metals in the algae is higher than that of the fresh kelp. There was a significant difference in the contents of Cu and Hg in the three samples of Apostichopus japonicus, Manure Urchin, and single-ring spiny. The content of Cu and Hg in the single ring was the highest, and the content of Hg in the sea urchin was the highest. The results showed that the contents of Cu, Hg, As and Cd in different kinds of aquatic products were significant, and the contents of Cu, Hg and As in the crustacean were the most, and the content of Cd in the shellfish was the most. (3) Pollution level and exposure risk evaluation:1) The heavy metal exceeds the standard: the detection value of all the aquatic products Cu and Hg is not more than the limit standard, but the detected contents of Cd, Pb and As in all kinds of aquatic products are in different degrees. The maximum value of the weekly Hg intake of the human body and the PTWI ratio of the edible long oyster are greater than 1; the maximum value of the weekly Cd intake of the human body and the PTWI ratio of the edible long oyster are greater than 1, and the edible other aquatic products cause the maximum value of the weekly daily intake of various heavy metals and the PTWI ratio to be less than 1.3) and the non-carcinogenic risk evaluation is as follows: The value of the non-carcinogenic risk hazard quotient (HTHQ) of the shellfish is significantly higher than that of the other six aquatic products, the content value of the oyster HQ (Cd) is the largest, and the THQ value of the five elements is as high as low as AsCdPbCuHg. In order to reduce the exposure risk of Hg and Cd in the human body, it is suggested that the weekly food consumption of the residents in the city should be controlled below 0.2kg, and the weekly food consumption of the long-term oyster should be less than 0.15kg.
【学位授予单位】：大连海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X56;X820.4
本文编号：2500974
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the high-speed development of the port industry in the coastal city of Dalian, the domestic sewage and industrial waste water in the surrounding towns and towns are discharged into the sea, so that the marine environment is getting worse and worse; at the same time, the freshwater lakes, rivers, reservoirs and other water bodies are also threatened by various pollutants due to the industrial and agricultural production activities. Heavy metal has become one of the main factors that threaten the environmental protection and food safety in China because of its special physical and chemical properties and its toxicity. In this paper, through a questionnaire survey on the consumption of aquatic products in Dalian, the species and consumption of the daily consumption aquatic products of the residents are counted, and the typical species are selected in the fish, the shrimp, the crab, the shellfish, the algae, the echinoderm and the link class. The contents of Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg and As in the samples of typical aquatic products were collected, and the contents of different heavy metals in various aquatic products were analyzed. The heavy metal pollution level of the aquatic products is evaluated according to the limit standard, and the risk of heavy metal exposure caused by the edible aquatic products of the residents in our city is analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) The main results of the questionnaire are as follows: (1) The main results of the survey are as follows: the main selection of the aquatic products is determined: the sea water fish is a fish, a fish, a big yellow fish, a small yellow fish, a brown tooth, a hole, a freshwater fish is a crucian carp, a carp, a grass carp and a fish, and the crustacean is a Chinese pipe whip and a new prawn, The penaeus chinensis, the shrimp, the far-sea shed, the three-legged crab, the Chinese velvet and the crab, the shellfish are the long-term oyster, the shrimp, the scallop, the oyster, the Chinese shooting cuttlefish, the algae is the kelp, the laver, the echinoderm is the stichopus japonicus, the horse dung sea urchin, the link is a single-ring thorn. The weekly consumption of all kinds of aquatic products is: 0.19 kg of freshwater fish, 0.229 kg of sea water fish, 0.184 kg of shrimp, 0.163 kg of crab, 0.185 kg of shellfish, 0.13 kg of algae, and 0.114 kg of acanthosis. (2) The main characteristics of the heavy metal content of the aquatic products: the content of Cu in the marine fish is less than that of the freshwater fish, and the content of the other four heavy metals is greater than that of the freshwater fish. This difference is influenced by the source and the feeding habits of the fish. The content of Cd, Hg and Pb in the fish of four different sources is the highest among the three different kinds of fish, and the Hg content in the fish is the highest in the three different kinds of fish. The content of Cu, Cd, Pb and Hg in the shrimp and crab was the highest, and the content of Hg in the crab was the highest. There was a significant difference in the contents of Cu, Cd and As in the shellfish, the contents of Cu and Cd in the long-term oyster were the highest, and the contents of As in the body were the highest. In the algae sample, the laver is a dry product, and the content of the five heavy metals in the algae is higher than that of the fresh kelp. There was a significant difference in the contents of Cu and Hg in the three samples of Apostichopus japonicus, Manure Urchin, and single-ring spiny. The content of Cu and Hg in the single ring was the highest, and the content of Hg in the sea urchin was the highest. The results showed that the contents of Cu, Hg, As and Cd in different kinds of aquatic products were significant, and the contents of Cu, Hg and As in the crustacean were the most, and the content of Cd in the shellfish was the most. (3) Pollution level and exposure risk evaluation:1) The heavy metal exceeds the standard: the detection value of all the aquatic products Cu and Hg is not more than the limit standard, but the detected contents of Cd, Pb and As in all kinds of aquatic products are in different degrees. The maximum value of the weekly Hg intake of the human body and the PTWI ratio of the edible long oyster are greater than 1; the maximum value of the weekly Cd intake of the human body and the PTWI ratio of the edible long oyster are greater than 1, and the edible other aquatic products cause the maximum value of the weekly daily intake of various heavy metals and the PTWI ratio to be less than 1.3) and the non-carcinogenic risk evaluation is as follows: The value of the non-carcinogenic risk hazard quotient (HTHQ) of the shellfish is significantly higher than that of the other six aquatic products, the content value of the oyster HQ (Cd) is the largest, and the THQ value of the five elements is as high as low as AsCdPbCuHg. In order to reduce the exposure risk of Hg and Cd in the human body, it is suggested that the weekly food consumption of the residents in the city should be controlled below 0.2kg, and the weekly food consumption of the long-term oyster should be less than 0.15kg.
【学位授予单位】：大连海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X56;X820.4
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 王绍芳,魏明瑞,林景星;大连湾近100年来重金属污染度的演变[J];地学前缘;2002年03期
，本文编号：2500974
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/huanjinggongchenglunwen/2500974.html
最近更新
教材专著
