柴油卡车排放颗粒物中碳质组分特征研究
发布时间：2024-04-14 18:37
柴油车排放成为北方冬季造成严重雾霾污染的重要颗粒物源,占机动车颗粒物排放总量的90%。碳质物质(总碳TC,有机碳OC和元素碳EC)是气溶胶粒子的主要成分,不仅是大气污染物,而且是影响气候变化的污染物。研究了柴油卡车排放颗粒物中碳质组分的特征,不仅探究了柴油卡车排放颗粒物中碳质组分的科学规律,还为环境管理政策和污染控制提供基础数据和技术方法。本研究采用现场实验、数学计算和模型模拟的法,以柴油卡车排放颗粒物中碳质组分为研究对象,开展科学研究。在实验数据采集过程中,采用道路机动车尾气排放稀释采样技术对轻型和重型柴油卡车进行测试,采样系统连接在运行的柴油卡车排气管上采集样品,并在哈尔滨的冬季和夏季进行对比试验。采集的样品经预处理后,用DRI OC/EC分析仪进行碳质组分分析。排放清单的建立基于模型方法,首先应用排放因子模型研究了两种类型的柴油卡车的排放因子,并以此为基础对历年排放因子进行模拟计算;然后应用柴油车辆排放活动水平数据侧模型计算20年的活动数据,其中技术分布、车辆类型、卡车保有量等均作为主要参数考虑在内。排放清单的结果应用广泛,可用于空气质量模拟,控制战略效果评估,进而实现污染物减排...
【文章页数】：58 页
【学位级别】：硕士
【文章目录】：
摘要
Abstract
CHAPTER1:INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW
1.2.1 Black Carbon:Composition,Source and Distribution
1.2.2 Areas of scientific uncertainty/research needs
1.2.3 Reduction of black carbon emissions offers the possibility to achieve short-term climate Impact and avoid dangerous “tipping Points”
1.2.4 Reducing Black Carbon Emissions Has strong Health and Air Quality Benefits
1.2.5 Difficulty in Comparing The Climate Impacts Of Long-Lived Greenhouse Gases And Short-Lived Climate Forcers
1.2.6 The Technology Needed To Reduce Black Carbon
1.2.7 Reducing The Climate Impacts Of Black Carbon:Policy Challenges
1.2.8 Scientific Uncertainty Regarding The Total Climate Impacts of Black Carbon and Other Short-Lived Climate Forcers
1.3 Aims and contents
1.4 ROADMAP OF THE STUDY
Chapter2:Materials and Methods
2.1 TESTING OF VEHICULAR EMISSIONS
2.1.1 Selection of Vehicles
2.1.2 Location and Sampling Plan
2.1.3 Build the sampling system
2.1.4 Preparation for Sampling
2.1.5 Sampling the vehicular carbonaceous emissions
2.2 CARBONACEOUS SAMPLE ANALYSIS
2.2.1 Analysis Preparation
2.2.2 Loading The Filter Punch
2.2.3 The Analysis of BC by DRI OC/EC analyzer
2.3 BUILDING EMISSION INVENTORY
2.3.1 Calculations of emission factors
2.3.2 Activity data
Chapter3 Characteristics of measured carbonaceous emission factors from diesel vehicles
3.1 EMISSION FACTORS OF CARBONACEOUS MATTERS
3.2 DIFFERENCES OF CARBONACEOUS EMISSION FACTORS BY RUNNING CYCLES
3.2.1 Effects of running cycles on TC emission factors
3.2.2 Effects of running cycles on OC emission factors
3.2.3 Effects of running cycles on EC emission factor
SUMMERY
Chapter4 Carbonaceous emissions from diesel trucks and its climate benefits from China’s vehicular emission control
4.1 TOTAL EMISSIONS OF DIESEL TRUCKS IN HARBIN
4.1.1 Carbonaceous emissions
4.2 EVALUATION OF CONTROL STRATEGIES
4.3 CLIMATE BENEFITS FROM CHINA’S VEHICULAR EMISSION CONTROL
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS
本文编号：3955109
【文章页数】：58 页
【学位级别】：硕士
【文章目录】：
摘要
Abstract
CHAPTER1:INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW
1.2.1 Black Carbon:Composition,Source and Distribution
1.2.2 Areas of scientific uncertainty/research needs
1.2.3 Reduction of black carbon emissions offers the possibility to achieve short-term climate Impact and avoid dangerous “tipping Points”
1.2.4 Reducing Black Carbon Emissions Has strong Health and Air Quality Benefits
1.2.5 Difficulty in Comparing The Climate Impacts Of Long-Lived Greenhouse Gases And Short-Lived Climate Forcers
1.2.6 The Technology Needed To Reduce Black Carbon
1.2.7 Reducing The Climate Impacts Of Black Carbon:Policy Challenges
1.2.8 Scientific Uncertainty Regarding The Total Climate Impacts of Black Carbon and Other Short-Lived Climate Forcers
1.3 Aims and contents
1.4 ROADMAP OF THE STUDY
Chapter2:Materials and Methods
2.1 TESTING OF VEHICULAR EMISSIONS
2.1.1 Selection of Vehicles
2.1.2 Location and Sampling Plan
2.1.3 Build the sampling system
2.1.4 Preparation for Sampling
2.1.5 Sampling the vehicular carbonaceous emissions
2.2 CARBONACEOUS SAMPLE ANALYSIS
2.2.1 Analysis Preparation
2.2.2 Loading The Filter Punch
2.2.3 The Analysis of BC by DRI OC/EC analyzer
2.3 BUILDING EMISSION INVENTORY
2.3.1 Calculations of emission factors
2.3.2 Activity data
Chapter3 Characteristics of measured carbonaceous emission factors from diesel vehicles
3.1 EMISSION FACTORS OF CARBONACEOUS MATTERS
3.2 DIFFERENCES OF CARBONACEOUS EMISSION FACTORS BY RUNNING CYCLES
3.2.1 Effects of running cycles on TC emission factors
3.2.2 Effects of running cycles on OC emission factors
3.2.3 Effects of running cycles on EC emission factor
SUMMERY
Chapter4 Carbonaceous emissions from diesel trucks and its climate benefits from China’s vehicular emission control
4.1 TOTAL EMISSIONS OF DIESEL TRUCKS IN HARBIN
4.1.1 Carbonaceous emissions
4.2 EVALUATION OF CONTROL STRATEGIES
4.3 CLIMATE BENEFITS FROM CHINA’S VEHICULAR EMISSION CONTROL
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS
本文编号：3955109
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