离子液体及负载型钯催化剂在加氢反应中的研究进展

发布时间：2018-04-25 08:08

本文选题：离子液体 + 钯基催化剂　；参考：《化工进展》2017年02期

【摘要】：离子液体因其独特的溶剂性能、催化性能及结构可设计性,在催化体系中可作溶剂、催化活性中心、稳定剂、分散剂等。负载型钯催化剂具有比表面积大、金属分散性和热稳定性好等优点,但存在着催化剂对目标产物选择性差、成本高、反应机理尚不明确等问题。本文以苯酚选择性加氢为探针反应,综述了该反应对催化剂的要求及贵金属钯的优势。将苯酚加氢催化剂分为无机负载钯催化剂、聚合物负载钯催化剂和离子液体-聚合物负载钯催化剂三类,并分析了载体性质、助剂、离子液体、钯盐等对催化性能的影响。分析表明:具有一定规则微观形貌、含P、N等元素的非多孔性多官能团碱性载体催化效果较好,且载体中含有较多碱性中心,有利于催化剂活性和选择性的提高;助剂Na、K、Al、Ni、Ca、Cs等的加入可在降低成本的同时提高催化性能;钯盐Pd(OAc)_2加氢性能优于Pd(acac)_2、Pd Cl_2、Pd(NO_3)_2;离子液体的引入不仅使反应体系易分离、反应条件降低,而且提高了催化剂活性和选择性。今后的主要发展方向是深入研究离子液体在催化加氢过程中的作用、催化加氢机理、催化剂稳定性等。
[Abstract]:Ionic liquids can be used as solvents, active centers, stabilizers, dispersants and so on because of their unique solvent performance, catalytic performance and structural design. Supported palladium catalysts have the advantages of large specific surface area, good metal dispersion and thermal stability. However, there are some problems such as poor selectivity, high cost and unclear reaction mechanism of supported palladium catalysts. In this paper, selective hydrogenation of phenol was used as a probe reaction. The requirements of the catalyst and the advantages of noble metal palladium were reviewed. Phenol hydrogenation catalysts were divided into inorganic supported palladium catalysts polymer supported palladium catalysts and ionic liquid-polymer supported palladium catalysts. The effects of support properties auxiliaries ionic liquids and palladium salts on the catalytic properties were analyzed. The results showed that the non-porous polyfunctional basic support with Pnn and other elements had better catalytic effect and the support contained more basic centers, which was beneficial to the improvement of catalyst activity and selectivity. The addition of the additive NaAK, AlN, NiNiG, CaCs and so on can reduce the cost and improve the catalytic performance. The hydrogenation performance of palladium salt Pd(OAc)_2 is better than that of Pdacacacacto 2PdCl2PdStackNo3. The introduction of ionic liquids not only makes the reaction system easy to separate and the reaction conditions lower, but also improves the activity and selectivity of the catalyst. The main direction of development in the future is to study the role of ionic liquids in the process of catalytic hydrogenation, the mechanism of catalytic hydrogenation, the stability of catalysts and so on.
【作者单位】：河北工业大学化工学院化工节能过程集成与资源利用国家地方联合工程实验室;
【基金】：河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(ZD2015118)
【分类号】：O645.1;O643.36

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