中低温聚合物电解质膜燃料电池膜材料的研究

发布时间：2018-02-02 09:43

  本文关键词： 燃料电池 聚合物电解质膜 电导率 功率密度　出处：《合肥工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：燃料电池是一种将氢能转化为电能的发电装置。其凭借自身环保、可持续和高效的特点成为下一代清洁能源的有力候选者,近年来燃料电池的发展引起了全世界的关注。聚合物电解质膜燃料电池(PEMFC)是燃料电池的一种,而聚合物电解质是PEMFC的核心组件,本文以聚苯并咪唑(PBI)和季铵化聚芳醚砜为基体材料,通过使用二维无机材料氧化石墨和Mxene对基体材料进行掺杂,达到改善膜性能的目的。本文成功制备得到氧化石墨单体,随后通过流延法制备得到PBI/GO/PBI三层复合质子交换膜。使用X射线衍射技术、场发射扫描电镜和红外光谱技术对氧化石墨单体和该膜的结构进行了表征,并研究了该膜的各项物理和化学性能。结果表明:150℃下,PBI/GO/PBI复合膜的机械强度大约是纯PBI膜的两倍,说明该膜的机械稳定性能有较大幅度提高,PBI/GO/PBI三层复合质子交换膜的最大拉伸断裂长度小于纯PBI膜。PBI/GO/PBI复合膜的质子电导率最大值和功率密度最大值分别为0.0138Scm~(-1)和213mWcm~(-2),该数值比纯PBI膜的数据有所提升,说明该膜有着良好的电化学性能。本文使用氢氟酸刻蚀原料MAX,其中以TiAlC_(X-1)为代表,制备得到表面携带有大量功能官能团的二维陶瓷材料Mxene。随后通过使用流延法制备得到PBI/Mxene复合膜,通过使用X射线衍技术、X射线能谱、场发射扫描电镜和红外光谱技术对Mxene单体和PBI/Mxene复合膜的结构进行了表征。结果表明:150℃下,PBI/Mxene复合膜的机械强度与纯PBI膜相比提升接近1.5倍,说明通过掺杂Mxene改性后的复合膜机械性稳定性能得到加强。PBI/Mxene的质子电导率和功率密度与纯PBI膜相比同样得到提高,说明该膜有着较好的电化学性能。传统聚合物电解质膜燃料电池通常对贵重金属催化剂有着严重的依赖性,为降低聚合物电解质膜燃料电池的高昂成本,近年来碱性阴离子交换膜燃料电池的研究成为了学术界的热点。本文最后以聚芳醚砜为原料,通过依次对其进行氯甲基化反应和季铵化反应制备得到了季铵化聚芳醚砜单体。随后通过对其掺杂Mxene制备得到了QPSU/Mxene阴离子交换膜,通过使用超导核磁共振技术和场发射扫描电镜对其结构进行了表征,并研究了该膜的各项物理和化学性能。结果表QPSU单体的氯甲基化率(DC)为1.17,QPSU/Mxene复合膜在碱性环境下的离子电导率达到53 mS/cm~(-1),比纯QPSU的数值有所提升。
[Abstract]:Fuel cell is a kind of power plant that converts hydrogen energy into electric energy. It is a strong candidate for the next generation clean energy by its own environmental, sustainable and efficient characteristics. In recent years, the development of fuel cell has attracted worldwide attention. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a kind of fuel cell, and polymer electrolyte is the core component of PEMFC. In this paper, polybenzimidazole (PBI) and quaternary ammonium polyethersulfone (PES) were used as matrix materials. The matrix materials were doped with graphite oxide and Mxene, two dimensional inorganic materials. In order to improve the performance of the membrane, graphite oxide monomer was successfully prepared, and PBI/GO/PBI three-layer composite proton exchange membrane was prepared by casting method. X-ray diffraction technique was used. The structure of graphite oxide monomer and the film were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The physical and chemical properties of the film were studied. The results showed that the structure of the film was at 1: 150 鈩，

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