聚酰亚胺基活性炭的制备及性能的研究

发布时间：2018-02-09 08:28

  本文关键词： 聚酰亚胺薄膜 活性炭 孔结构 联合活化　出处：《大连理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：活性炭通常是由富含碳的生物质、煤炭、石油或煤化工产生的重质组分为原料制备。但上述原料中含有大量的灰分,而医药卫生、环境保护和新能源技术等领域要求多孔碳材料具有较低的灰分含量。耐高温聚合物如聚酰亚胺(Polyimide, PI)由于残炭高、易活化造孔,并且在加工过程中没有任何无机添加剂,是优质的制备活性炭前体材料,非常适合制备高品质的无灰级活性炭材料。本论文以PI聚合物薄膜为前体,采用物理活化技术,成功地开发出超纯低灰活性炭的制备技术。全文首先考察了采用PI为原料制备活性炭可行性；气体活化工艺条件参数,包括活化温度、活化时间、和气体用量对活性炭性能的影响,确定了制备活性炭的确切工艺参数；其次,采用联合活化制备活性炭,考察了联合活化过程中活化工艺参数对制备活性炭吸附性能的影响,实验确定了联合活化最佳工艺条件。最后,采用氮吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(TEM)和红外光谱(FT-IR)对活性炭孔结构、表观形貌、微观结构和表面化学性能进行分析；此外,采用动态吸附法对比考察了实验室活性炭和商业活性炭纤维对乙醇和乙醚混合蒸汽的吸附性能。结果表明：1.采用水蒸汽制备活性炭的最佳反应温度和时间分别为880℃和30 min；采用二氧化碳制备活性炭的最佳反应温度为900℃、最佳反应时间3h和最适宜流量200 ml/min。联合活化最佳工艺条件为水蒸汽活化温度850℃、活化时间15 min、水炭比为4；CO2活化温度880℃、活化时间4h、气体流量200 ml/min。2.采用气体联合活化制备活性炭的吸附性能显著增强。在该活化方式下制备的活性炭具有无定形乱层石墨结构,其BET比表面积可达到2186 m2/g,总孔容积1.068 cm3/g,孔径集中在0～3 nm。3.本实验室所制备的活性炭具有更大的有效孔容积,对乙醇与乙醚混合气有优异的吸附性能,其饱和吸附量分别为294 mg/g和320 mg/g；穿透吸附量分别为179 mg/g和192 mg/g;穿透时间也更长,达到了111min,是商业活性炭纤维的5倍以上。
[Abstract]:Activated carbon is usually made from carbon-rich biomass, coal, petroleum or coal chemicals as raw materials. But these raw materials contain a lot of ash, and medicine and health, Environmental protection and new energy technologies require that porous carbon materials have low ash content. High temperature resistant polymers such as polyimide polyimide (Pi) have high carbon residue, are easy to activate and make pores, and there are no inorganic additives in the processing process. In this paper, Pi polymer film was used as precursor, and physical activation technology was used. The preparation technology of ultra-pure low-ash activated carbon was successfully developed. Firstly, the feasibility of preparing activated carbon using Pi as raw material was investigated. And the effect of the amount of gas on the performance of activated carbon was determined. Secondly, the activated carbon was prepared by combined activation, and the influence of activation parameters on the adsorption properties of activated carbon was investigated. Finally, the pore structure, apparent morphology, microstructure and surface chemical properties of activated carbon were analyzed by nitrogen adsorption X ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, The adsorption properties of commercial activated carbon fiber and laboratory activated carbon fiber on ethanol and ether mixed steam were investigated by dynamic adsorption method. The results showed that the optimum reaction temperature and time for the preparation of activated carbon by water vapor were as follows: 1. The optimum reaction temperature for the preparation of activated carbon from carbon dioxide is 900 鈩，

本文编号：1497511