含燃料电池的微电网建模与控制研究

发布时间：2018-02-23 04:27

本文关键词： 质子交换膜燃料电池微电网功率平滑参数辨识无源控制　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着能源短缺加剧和环保意识增强,采用绿色清洁能源发电的微电网技术发展迅速。而质子交换膜燃料电池(Proton Exchange Membrane Fuell Cell,PEMFC)发电技术使用氢气作为燃料,产物是水,零排放无污染,并且具有能效高、稳定可靠的特点,备受青睐。本文针对含燃料电池的微电网建模与控制问题进行研究,包括PEMFC模型的构建、参数辨识以及仿真论证;含直流变换器的PEMFC发电系统控制策略设计;PEMFC和风能混合型微电网建模以及控制策略。主要内容如下:首先,根据运行机理,参考相关文献,分别搭建PEMFC单电池电化学稳态和电压动态仿真模型。为了对比研究两者之间不同运行特性及工作过程,利用Matlab/Simulink软件研究了PEMFC电压、效率以及功率随电流密度变化情况,仿真结果既论证了所搭建模型的准确性,同时也表明PEMFC动态模型具有更加优良的响应特性,能够更好的描述PEMFC实际工作过程。其次,针对PEMFC建模过程中涉及多个不确定性参数,采用五种不同惯性权重的粒子群(PSO)算法辨识这些参数,通过和实际采集数据进行对比分析,最终选出一组最优参数用于PEMFC建模。然后,针对PEMFC存在动态响应慢、输出电压变化范围大、输出功率小等问题,利用前级Boost型DC/DC变换器的无源特性,参考无源控制方法,设计了含直流变换器的PEMFC发电系统无源性控制器,并设置了PI控制对比实验。结果显示,采用无源性控制策略时,系统表现出更强的抵抗扰动的能力以及更加优良的动态特性。最后,针对风能波动和风机故障穿越两个问题,将PEMFC、水电解装置以及储氢装置组成的循环系统接入风电机组,构成PEMFC和风能混合型微电网,根据系统内各单元不同功能及运行特性设计了相应控制策略,进而实现功率平滑控制。MATLAB仿真结果表明,该控制策略既能保证输出较为平滑的有功功率,又能实现风能最大功率捕获,还可以帮助风机实现低电压穿越。
[Abstract]:With the increase of energy shortage and environmental awareness, the microgrid technology using green clean energy to generate electricity is developing rapidly. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuell cell PEMFCtechnology uses hydrogen as fuel, the product is water, and zero emission is pollution-free. And it has the characteristics of high energy efficiency, stability and reliability. This paper studies the modeling and control of microgrid with fuel cell, including the construction of PEMFC model, parameter identification and simulation. Design of Control Strategy for PEMFC Power system with DC Converter; Modeling and control strategy of hybrid microgrid with PEMFC and wind energy. The main contents are as follows: first, according to the operation mechanism, referring to relevant literature, The electrochemical steady-state and voltage dynamic simulation models of PEMFC single cell were built respectively. In order to compare the different operation characteristics and working process between the two, the variation of PEMFC voltage, efficiency and power with current density was studied by Matlab/Simulink software. The simulation results not only demonstrate the accuracy of the model, but also show that the PEMFC dynamic model has better response characteristics and can better describe the actual working process of PEMFC. Secondly, there are many uncertain parameters involved in the process of PEMFC modeling. Five kinds of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms with different inertial weights are used to identify these parameters. By comparing and analyzing the collected data, an optimal set of parameters is selected for PEMFC modeling. Then, the dynamic response of PEMFC is slow. Based on the passive characteristics of the former Boost type DC/DC converter and referring to the passive control method, the passive controller of the PEMFC power generation system with DC converter is designed. The results show that the system has stronger ability to resist disturbance and better dynamic characteristics when the passive control strategy is adopted. Finally, aiming at two problems of wind energy fluctuation and fan fault traversing, The circulating system composed of PEMFC, water electrolytic unit and hydrogen storage unit is connected to wind turbine to form a hybrid micro grid of PEMFC and wind energy. The corresponding control strategy is designed according to the different functions and operating characteristics of each unit in the system. The simulation results of power smoothing control with MATLAB show that the control strategy can not only guarantee the smooth active power output, but also realize the maximum power capture of wind energy, and can also help the fan to achieve low voltage traversing.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM911.4;TM727

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