基于热力学的碳氢燃料电池的最大电效率计算

发布时间：2018-04-10 23:42

本文选题：燃料电池 + 热力学模型　；参考：《中国科学技术大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：如何通过清洁、有效和环保的手段来产生能源是当今科学家面临的主要挑战。燃料电池是将燃料的化学能直接转化为电能的能源装置。相比于传统热机,燃料电池不需要燃烧,且不受卡诺循环约束。这就使得燃料电池不仅绿色环保而且可以获得更高的发电效率。燃料电池的静态性质也意味着安静的运行没有噪音或振动。燃料电池不仅可作为小型电子产品的电池,而且可以用来作为集中的供电系统。总之燃料电池提供更清洁,更有效,可能是最灵活的化学与电能转换受到各个国家重视。本篇硕士论文围绕建立一个普适的热力学模型来计算不同燃料不同条件下的最大电效率展开。本篇硕士论文共分为四章。各个章节的主要内容如下:第一章首先介绍燃料电池的研究背景、分类和燃料电池的发展历史,然后讲述燃料电池的基本原理,最后总结了固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)的结构和材料。第二章首先从化学平衡态开始介绍了碳氢燃料的重整反应,拟合了各个热力学量的多项式展开系数,并且计算了甲烷的重整反应。第三章基于自热维持热力学模型推导出碳氢燃料电池最大电效率的解析表达式,并通过计算以甲烷和丙烷为燃料的燃料电池在不同运行条件下可获得的最大电效率,分析燃料利用率、温度、水碳比、热交换效率对电效率的影响。第四章对整篇论文进行总结。
[Abstract]:How to generate energy through clean, efficient and environmental means is a major challenge for scientists today.Fuel cell is an energy device that converts the chemical energy of fuel directly into electric energy.Compared with conventional heat engines, fuel cells do not require combustion and are not constrained by the Carnot cycle.This makes fuel cells not only environmentally friendly but also more efficient at generating electricity.The static nature of the fuel cell also means that there is no noise or vibration in quiet operation.Fuel cells can be used not only as batteries for small electronic products, but also as centralized power supply systems.In short, fuel cells provide cleaner, more efficient, and perhaps the most flexible chemical and electrical conversion among countries.In this thesis, a universal thermodynamic model is established to calculate the maximum electrical efficiency under different fuel conditions.This thesis is divided into four chapters.The main contents of each chapter are as follows: the first chapter introduces the research background, classification and development history of fuel cell, and then describes the basic principle of fuel cell.Finally, the structure and materials of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) are summarized.In the second chapter, the reforming reaction of hydrocarbon fuel is introduced from the chemical equilibrium state, the polynomial expansion coefficients of each thermodynamic quantity are fitted, and the reforming reaction of methane is calculated.In chapter 3, the analytical expression of the maximum electric efficiency of hydrocarbon fuel cell is derived based on the thermodynamic model of self-heating maintenance, and the maximum electric efficiency of the fuel cell using methane and propane as fuel under different operating conditions is calculated.The effects of fuel utilization, temperature, water / carbon ratio and heat exchange efficiency on electric efficiency are analyzed.Chapter four summarizes the whole thesis.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM911.4

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