新型多孔碳纳米材料的制备及其在吸附和检测中的应用

发布时间：2018-04-12 12:06

本文选题：多孔碳纳米材料 + 蒙脱土　；参考：《济南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：多孔碳材料作为一种新型形貌的纳米结构的碳材料,因具有较大的电活性表面积、较多的活性位点、良好的机械稳定性和导电性而广泛地应用在催化剂载体、超级电容器、催化剂、吸附剂和气体储存等领域。但是传统的多孔碳材料的合成主要通过模板法,然而这种方法操作复杂,成本过高,限制了多孔碳材料的广泛使用。本研究旨在合成多种成本低、易于合成且不需模板的新型多孔碳材料。针对性地研究了多孔碳材料在吸附和检测中的应用。本论文主要内容如下:1.通过水热及化学活化法制备蒙脱土/多孔碳纳米球复合吸附剂实现对亚甲蓝的吸附通过水热与化学活化法制备蒙脱土/多孔碳纳米球(MMT-PCN)复合吸附剂,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)以及氮气吸附脱附技术等对其进行结构表征。结果表明,该复合吸附剂具有优异的孔隙率,较大的比表面积与孔体积。将制备的复合吸附剂用于亚甲蓝的吸附,吸附研究结果表明,在最佳的实验条件下,该复合吸附剂对亚甲蓝的吸附量高达686.94 mg/g,明显优于其它的吸附剂。蒙脱土/多孔碳纳米球复合吸附剂对亚甲蓝的吸附行为符合二阶动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型。此外,复合后的蒙脱土经过五次解吸附后仍具有良好的吸附性能。2.基于多孔碳纳米棒/功能化石墨烯复合材料构建电化学适配体传感器高灵敏检测链霉素通过水热和化学活化处理首次成功制备了比表面积与孔体积较大的多孔碳纳米棒。利用多孔碳纳米棒(PCNR)和多功能石墨烯复合材料(GR-Fe_3O_4-AuNPs)作为生物传感底物,实现了高灵敏度和低检测限检测。在最佳的实验条件下,该传感器的线性范围是0.05-200 ng/mL,最低检测限为0.028 ng/mL。上述制备的传感器表现出优异的分析性能,良好的重现性,选择性和稳定性。另外,该传感器还成功地应用于牛奶中链霉素的检测。3.基于“信号衰减”的电化学适配体传感器高灵敏检测链霉素通过利用多孔碳纳米棒(PCNR),金纳米颗粒和氧化铜官能化的多壁碳纳米管复合材料(MWCNTs-CuO-AuNPs)作为生物传感基底,实现了适配体传感器的信号放大策略。在这个策略中,采用多孔碳纳米棒作为信号放大的核心导电材料。多壁碳纳米管-氧化铜-金纳米颗粒纳米复合材料组合其组分的优点,不仅促进电子转移,而且为生物分子的固定提供了丰富的结合位点。链霉素适配体通过金纳米颗粒和硫醇基团之间的强结合相互作用固定在纳米复合材料表面上。在最佳的实验条件下,电化学适配体传感器的信号的变化与链霉素的浓度呈线性关系,线性范围为0.05-300 ng/mL,最低检测限为0.036ng/mL。此外,电化学适配体传感器也成功应用于牛奶和蜂蜜样品中链霉素的测定。这种高灵敏度的电化学适配体传感器在食品安全方面具有重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:As a new nanostructure carbon material, porous carbon materials are widely used in catalyst carriers, supercapacitors because of their large electrical active surface area, more active sites, good mechanical stability and electrical conductivity.Catalysts, adsorbents and gas storage.However, the traditional porous carbon materials are mainly synthesized by template method. However, the complex operation and high cost of this method limit the wide use of porous carbon materials.The purpose of this study is to synthesize new porous carbon materials with low cost, easy synthesis and no template.The application of porous carbon materials in adsorption and detection was studied.The main contents of this thesis are as follows: 1.The composite adsorbent of montmorillonite / porous carbon nanospheres (MMT-PCN) was prepared by hydrothermal and chemical activation methods to adsorb methylene blue.Its structure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nitrogen adsorption and desorption techniques.The results show that the composite adsorbent has excellent porosity, large specific surface area and pore volume.The composite adsorbent was applied to the adsorption of methylene blue. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of the composite adsorbent for methylene blue was up to 686.94 mg / g under the optimum conditions, which was obviously superior to that of other adsorbents.The adsorption behavior of montmorillonite / porous carbon nanospheres for methylene blue is in accordance with the second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model.In addition, the composite montmorillonite still has good adsorption performance.Based on porous carbon nanorods / functionalized graphene composites electrochemical aptamer sensor with high sensitivity to detect streptomycin was successfully prepared by hydrothermal and chemical activation for the first time.High sensitivity and low detection limit were achieved by using porous carbon nanorods PCNRand multifunctional graphene composite GR-Fe3O4-AuNPs as biosensor substrates.Under the optimal experimental conditions, the linear range of the sensor is 0.05-200 ng / mL, and the minimum detection limit is 0.028 ng / mL.The sensor has excellent analytical performance, good reproducibility, selectivity and stability.In addition, the sensor has been successfully applied to the detection of streptomycin in milk.High sensitivity detection of streptomycin by electrochemical aptamer sensor based on "signal attenuation" by using porous carbon nanorods PCNRN, gold nanoparticles and cupric oxide multiwalled carbon nanotube composites (MWCNTs-CuO-AuNPs) as biosensors,The signal amplification strategy of adaptor sensor is realized.In this strategy, porous carbon nanorods are used as core conductive materials for signal amplification.The advantages of multi-walled carbon nanotube-cupric oxide gold nanoparticles nanocomposites not only promote electron transfer, but also provide rich binding sites for biomolecules fixation.Streptomycin aptamers are immobilized on the surface of nanocomposites through strong binding interactions between gold nanoparticles and mercaptan groups.Under the optimum experimental conditions, the change of the signal of the electrochemical aptamer sensor is linear with the concentration of streptomycin, the linear range is 0.05-300 ng / mL, and the detection limit is 0.036 ng / mL.In addition, electrochemical aptamer sensor has been successfully applied to the determination of streptomycin in milk and honey samples.This kind of high sensitivity electrochemical adaptor sensor has important practical significance in food safety.
【学位授予单位】：济南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ127.11;TB383.1

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