从石煤中提取石墨的工艺研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 06:04

  本文选题：石煤 + 石墨　； 参考：《武汉工程大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：石墨具有优异的性质和广泛的用途,随着科技的进步,石墨材料已经渗透到工业的各个应用领域。新型的高纯石墨材料的开发应用与石墨深加工技术有很大前景,已经作为新型产业广泛应用于科技领域。本论文是横向课题,主要目的是探索运用于生产实践的最佳工艺。本文以湖北省十堰市竹溪县某煤矿企业在开采过程中所采出的石煤资源为研究对象,以从石煤中提取出石墨方法为研究目标,探究了从石煤中提取石墨的工艺。检测得出所用原矿固定碳含量为74.02%,该矿中的杂质矿物相应有云母、石英、碳酸钙等。本文经过前期查阅大量文献,比较分析石墨提纯的五种方法,结合目前实验过程中存在的问题,探究了碱酸法提取石墨工艺。从化学反应原理、以及热力学和动力学的角度分析,碱熔焙烧工艺中,NaOH和杂质反应为放热反应,需要找到最优温度,解决反应速度与反应程度的矛盾,以实现提高石墨产品的纯度和经济效益的平衡,并初步选定温度在400-900℃之间。实验以碱酸法作为提取石墨的研究方法,固定碳含量为工艺参数,通过单因素实验分析了筛网目数、NaOH投加量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、盐酸浓度、盐酸用量、酸浸时间等各个因素与石墨提取效果的相关性,最终确定整个实验最佳的工艺组合条件为:选择150~200目级别的原矿,NaOH/C的质量比为3.8g/10g、碱熔焙烧温度600℃、碱熔焙烧时间90min,盐酸浓度8%、HCl/C的用量比为20ml/5g、酸浸温度80℃、酸浸时间150min。在此工艺条件下样品固定碳含量能够从74.02%提升到90.43%。运用SEM、XRD、XPS和拉曼光谱分析等4种检测方法,分析原矿和碱酸法纯化后样品的晶体结构与元素成分,检测结果表明,碱酸法提取石墨有很好的去杂效果,固定碳含量得到了提升,证实了从该石煤中提取石墨具有可行性。再根据石煤原矿企业的实际情况,结合碱酸法提取石墨工艺的生产成本,分析了工艺的实施能够为企业带来的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。最后验证了酸法提取石墨工艺实施的可行性,估算出该工艺的实施能够为企业每年带来327.6万元的经济效益,达到高效利用资源的目的。
[Abstract]:Graphite has excellent properties and wide applications. With the development of science and technology, graphite material has penetrated into various application fields of industry.The development and application of new high purity graphite materials and graphite deep processing technology have great prospects and have been widely used in science and technology as a new industry.This paper is a horizontal subject, the main purpose is to explore the best process applied in production practice.In this paper, a coal mining enterprise in Zhuxi County, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, took the stone coal resources extracted from the mining process as the research object, aimed at extracting graphite from the stone coal, and explored the technology of extracting graphite from the stone coal.The fixed carbon content of the ore is 74.02, and the impurity minerals in the ore are mica, quartz, calcium carbonate and so on.In this paper, a large number of literatures were reviewed and five methods of graphite purification were compared and analyzed. Combined with the existing problems in the present experiment, the alkali acid method for graphite extraction was explored.From the point of view of chemical reaction principle, thermodynamics and kinetics, the reaction of NaOH and impurity in alkali melting roasting process is exothermic, so it is necessary to find the optimum temperature and solve the contradiction between reaction speed and reaction degree.In order to achieve the balance of improving the purity and economic benefit of graphite products, the temperature was preliminarily selected between 400 鈩，

本文编号：1767097