耐钻磨、抗高温爆裂、抗爆超高强混凝土的研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 07:40

本文选题：耐钻磨 + 抗高温爆裂　；参考：《中国建筑材料科学研究总院》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：随着经济的快速发展和社会的巨大进步,工业与民用建筑火灾、爆炸事件的不断发生,更有国际高端武器钻地弹对军事国防设施的潜在威胁,研制和开发军事国防设施、工业与民用设施防御材料是一个迫切而现实的课题。以钻地弹为例,钻地弹袭击包括极速侵入混凝土防御设施、在混凝土内产生瞬间高温引起爆裂、钻到目标深度后引爆等三个过程。防御钻地弹袭击需提高混凝土的高耐钻磨、抗瞬间高温、抗爆等性能。为此,本文分别进行耐钻磨、抗高温爆裂、抗爆混凝土以及集三种性能于一体的Anti DSB混凝土(concrete with the resistance of drill-grinding,spalling and blast简称Anti DSB混凝土)的研究,主要研究工作和创新成果如下:(1)耐钻磨混凝土的研发。研究并提出与钻地弹袭击相应、适合实验室用的钻磨试验新方法——《混凝土耐钻磨性试验方法》,利用该方法研究发现,水胶比0.18,高强掺合料掺量20%,棕刚玉为骨料且体积掺量10%,钢纤维体积掺量1.75%时,混凝土耐钻磨性能和强度最佳。结合DTA/TG、XRD、SEM、MIP和显微硬度等分析方法,探索了其高耐钻磨和高强度的机理,发现混凝土中水泥石-骨料界面和水泥石结构致密,整体钻磨硬度增高,骨料的高硬度得到最大程度的发挥。(2)利用两相复合材料理论,首次提出了混凝土耐钻磨性能的数学模型。该模型用水泥石和骨料的显微硬度及其体积率来表示混凝土的耐钻磨性能,该模型的建立为耐钻磨混凝土的材料与配合比设计提供了依据。(3)抗高温爆裂混凝土的研发。进行了瞬间高温下超高强混凝土抗爆裂性能的研究,发现,掺加钢纤维推迟了爆裂时间;PP纤维单掺或与钢纤维复掺均能提高抗爆裂性能;骨料种类和含湿量对爆裂性能影响均不显著。DTA/TG、XRD、SEM和MIP等分析阐明了其抗高温爆裂的机理,是由于PP纤维加热熔融形成的管状通道与水化产物脱水、分解增加的毛细孔相通的原因。(4)抗爆混凝土的研发。试验发现掺入钢纤维能显著提高混凝土的抗爆性能,钢纤维与水泥石之间较好的粘结作用以及钢纤维对内部裂缝扩展的约束作用,能有效地减少或阻止爆炸对混凝土的破坏作用。(5)制备了集耐钻磨、抗瞬间高温、抗爆等性能于一体的Anti DSB混凝土,其物理性能(耐钻磨、抗高温爆裂和显微硬度性能)、力学性能(强度、韧性、抗冲击、抗侵彻性能)、耐久性能(抗冻、抗氯离子渗透、抗水渗透、抗碳化、抗硫酸盐侵蚀)和长期性能均有大幅度提高。在应用现有侵彻公式进行性能评估的基础上,充分考虑骨料硬度和钢纤维混凝土韧度,提出修正ACE侵彻公式,使得侵彻公式更加完善,更适用于不断发展的混凝土材料。Anti DSB混凝土的研制,为建设高防御能力的军事国防设施、工业与民用设施提供的理论依据和技术支撑。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the great progress of society, the fire and explosion of industrial and civil buildings have occurred continuously, and there is a potential threat to military national defense facilities caused by ground-penetrating projectiles of international high-end weapons, and the development and development of military national defense facilities. Defense material for industrial and civil facilities is an urgent and realistic subject. As an example, the attack consists of three processes: the extremely fast intruding into the concrete defense facility, the burst caused by instantaneous high temperature in the concrete, and the detonation after drilling to the depth of the target. In order to prevent the attack, the high resistance to drilling and grinding, the anti-instantaneous high temperature and the anti-explosion should be improved. Therefore, in this paper, the drilling-wear resistance, high-temperature cracking resistance, anti-explosion concrete and Anti DSB concrete concrete with the resistance of drill-grindingspalling and blast (Anti DSB blast) are studied, respectively. The main research and innovative results are as follows: 1) Research and development of drilling-resistant concrete. A new method of drilling and grinding test, which is suitable for laboratory use, is studied and put forward, which is suitable for the drilling and grinding test of concrete, and it is found that the new method is suitable for the test of drilling and wear resistance of concrete. When water / binder ratio is 0.18, high strength admixture is 20, brown corundum is aggregate and volume is 10, steel fiber volume is 1.75, the drilling-wear resistance and strength of concrete are the best. The mechanism of high drilling-resistance and high strength was explored by combining DTA / TGX XRDX SEMMIP and microhardness analysis methods. It was found that the cement-aggregate interface and cement stone structure in concrete were compact, and the hardness of whole drilling-wear was increased. Based on the theory of two-phase composite material, the mathematical model of the drilling-wear resistance of concrete is put forward for the first time. The model uses the microhardness and volume rate of cement stone and aggregate to express the drilling-wear resistance of concrete. The model provides a basis for the design of material and mixture ratio of drilling-resistant concrete. The crack resistance of ultra high strength concrete under instantaneous high temperature is studied. It is found that the addition of steel fiber to PP fiber alone or to steel fiber can improve the crack resistance. The effects of aggregate type and moisture content on bursting properties were not significant. SEM and MIP analysis showed that the mechanism of high temperature cracking resistance was explained by the tube channel formed by heating and melting of PP fiber and dehydration of hydration products. Decomposition of the increase in the reason for capillary communication. 4) development of anti-explosive concrete. It is found that the addition of steel fiber can significantly improve the anti-explosion performance of concrete, the bond between steel fiber and cement stone, and the restraint effect of steel fiber on internal crack propagation. Anti DSB concrete, which can effectively reduce or prevent the damage to concrete caused by explosion, has been prepared with the properties of drilling resistance, instant high temperature resistance, and anti-explosion etc., its physical properties, such as drilling resistance, wear resistance, etc. High temperature bursting resistance and microhardness resistance, mechanical properties (strength, toughness, impact resistance, penetration resistance, durability (freezing resistance, chloride ion penetration resistance, water penetration resistance, carbonation resistance, Resistance to sulfate erosion) and long-term performance have been greatly improved. On the basis of evaluating the performance of the existing penetration formula and considering the hardness of aggregate and toughness of steel fiber concrete, a modified ACE penetration formula is put forward to make the penetration formula more perfect. It is more suitable for developing concrete material. Anti DSB concrete, which provides theoretical basis and technical support for the construction of military defense facilities, industrial and civil facilities with high defense capability.
【学位授予单位】：中国建筑材料科学研究总院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TU528.31

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