有限空间内氨泄漏的扩散规律

发布时间：2018-05-24 15:09

本文选题：氨气 + 管道泄漏　；参考：《浙江工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：氨气是一种用途广泛的重要无机化工产品。当氨气泄漏时,会产生人员中毒、燃烧爆炸、环境污染以及次生事故等危害。本文针对化工过程、冷冻储藏等行业中氨气输送管道存在的泄漏隐患,采用实验研究与数值模拟相结合的方法,对有限空间内氨气的泄漏扩散过程进行了研究。结合氨气输送管道的工作环境,搭建了氨气泄漏扩散实验平台,开展了氨气管道的泄漏扩散实验。在此基础上,采用Gambit软件和Fluent软件建立了有限空间内氨气泄漏扩散的计算模型,进行了氨气输送管道泄漏过程的数值计算,模拟了在泄漏压力、泄漏方向、泄漏孔径、泄漏位置等因素影响下氨气管道泄漏的扩散过程。探讨了氨气在不同泄漏条件下的浓度分布和扩散规律,总结了在泄漏方向一定夹角范围内的点至泄漏源距离与该点氨气浓度变化率的关系。为安全报警系统设计中合理布置氨气探测器的位置提供了依据。通过对有限空间内氨泄漏扩散过程的研究,得出以下结果:(1)在有限空间内,氨气泄漏方向和泄漏位置是影响氨气在空间内的分布的主要因素;(2)在氨气泄漏的垂直方向上,泄漏压力、泄漏孔径对浓度梯度有很大的影响;(3)泄漏扩散的过程中,氨气浓度的变化存在线性增长、波动和稳定增长三个阶段;(4)得到了在一定泄漏条件下,泄漏方向上的特定范围内,点至泄漏源距离与该点氨浓度变化率的关系及计算式,提供了快速确定泄漏源位置的基本方法。本文对有限空间内氨气管道的小孔泄漏扩散过程进行了实验研究和数值模拟,利用研究结果提供了泄漏事故发生后的安全应急措施。在今后的研究工作中,应加强对室内重质气体以及液体泄漏扩散的研究,从而完善对室内管道泄漏扩散一般规律的研究。
[Abstract]:Ammonia gas is an important inorganic chemical product which is widely used. When ammonia gas leaks, personnel poisoning, combustion explosion, environmental pollution, secondary accidents and other hazards. Aiming at the hidden danger of ammonia pipeline leakage in chemical process, frozen storage and other industries, the leakage and diffusion process of ammonia gas in limited space is studied by combining experimental research with numerical simulation. Combined with the working environment of ammonia pipeline, the experimental platform of ammonia leakage and diffusion was set up, and the leakage and diffusion experiment of ammonia pipeline was carried out. On this basis, the calculation model of ammonia leakage and diffusion in finite space is established by using Gambit and Fluent software. The numerical calculation of the leakage process of ammonia pipeline is carried out, and the leakage pressure, direction and diameter of leakage are simulated. Leakage location and other factors affect the diffusion process of ammonia pipeline leakage. The distribution and diffusion law of ammonia concentration under different leakage conditions are discussed. The relationship between the distance from point to source and the change rate of ammonia concentration in certain angle range of leakage direction is summarized. It provides the basis for the reasonable arrangement of ammonia detector in the design of safety alarm system. By studying the process of ammonia leakage and diffusion in a limited space, the following results are obtained: 1) in a finite space, the direction and location of ammonia leakage are the main factors affecting the distribution of ammonia gas in the space) in the vertical direction of ammonia leakage. In the process of leakage diffusion, the variation of ammonia concentration has linear growth, fluctuation and steady growth, and three stages, I. e., the leakage pressure and the leakage aperture have a great influence on the concentration gradient. Under certain leakage conditions, the variation of ammonia concentration has been obtained under certain leakage conditions. The relationship between the distance from the point to the leakage source and the rate of change of ammonia concentration in the specific range of the leakage direction and the calculation formula provide a basic method to determine the location of the leakage source quickly. In this paper, experimental study and numerical simulation on the leakage and diffusion process of small holes in a limited space ammonia pipeline have been carried out, and the safety emergency measures after the leakage accident have been provided by using the results of the study. In the future research work, we should strengthen the study of indoor heavy gas and liquid leakage and diffusion, so as to perfect the research on the general rules of indoor pipeline leakage and diffusion.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ113;TQ086

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