混凝土缺陷超声检测实验系统设计

发布时间：2018-05-26 08:41

本文选题：混凝土 + 超声波　；参考：《中北大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：混凝土是工程建筑中非常重要的结构材料，它的质量直接关系到建筑结构的安全性和耐久性。因此，对混凝土质量进行检测和控制就显得尤为重要。本文从超声检测的物理基础出发，详细分析了超声波在混凝土检测中的特点，讨论了混凝土缺陷超声检测常用的方法和数据判定方法。在此基础上，结合电子技术、信号处理技术、虚拟仪器技术等开发了一套混凝土缺陷超声检测实验系统。论文完成了整个混凝土缺陷超声检测系统软、硬件电路的设计与调试。硬件部分主要包括超声波发射电路、信号接收及调理电路、A/D转换电路、基于FPGA的串口通信、脉冲触发、FIFO、FIR滤波等。软件部分主要完成了基于LabVIEW的上位机软件设计，实现了对超声检测信号数字滤波、频谱分析、声学参数测量、检测数据报表保存、波形显示、首波自动阈值检测以及手动检测等功能。最后，对检测系统按照相关技术规程在空气中进行了声时校验，校验的声速相对误差为0.29%，满足规范要求的±0.5%以内。进而以400mm×200mm×200mm的混凝土试块为实验对象，分别采用50kHz和200kHz的超声换能器，利用对测法对其进行了实际检测，，检测结果较为满意，验证了系统的可行性。
[Abstract]:Concrete is a very important structural material in engineering buildings. Its quality is directly related to the safety and durability of building structures. Therefore, the quality of concrete detection and control is particularly important. Based on the physical basis of ultrasonic detection, the characteristics of ultrasonic testing in concrete are analyzed in detail, and the common methods and data determination methods for ultrasonic detection of concrete defects are discussed in this paper. On this basis, an experimental system for ultrasonic detection of concrete defects is developed by combining electronic technology, signal processing technology and virtual instrument technology. In this paper, the design and debugging of the hardware and software of the ultrasonic detection system for concrete defects are completed. The hardware mainly includes ultrasonic transmitting circuit, signal receiving and conditioning circuit and A / D conversion circuit, serial port communication based on FPGA, pulse trigger FIFO / Fir filter and so on. The software part mainly completes the software design of upper computer based on LabVIEW, realizes digital filtering of ultrasonic detection signal, spectrum analysis, measurement of acoustic parameters, preservation of test data report, waveform display, etc. First wave automatic threshold detection and manual detection and other functions. Finally, the sound time calibration of the detection system is carried out in the air according to the relevant technical regulations. The relative error of sound velocity is 0.29, within 卤0.5% of the standard. Then taking the concrete sample of 400mm 脳 200mm 脳 200mm as the experimental object, using the ultrasonic transducer of 50kHz and 200kHz respectively, the practical test is carried out by using the measuring method. The results are satisfactory and the feasibility of the system is verified.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU528.07

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