木陶瓷复合材料的制备与性能研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 13:31

  本文选题：木陶瓷 + 硅溶胶　； 参考：《五邑大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：材料的大量制造与消耗,导致了资源消耗与环境恶化的危机,因此,如何实现资源的最大化利用与环境的可持续发展显得非常重要。木陶瓷的出现,在一定程度上缓和了这一矛盾,作为一种环境材料,它一方面充分利用了木质废弃物等生物质材料,实现了废弃物的最大化利用,节约了资源,另一方面,它又具有良好的机械强度,且具有吸附、阻尼等功能,是一种典型的结构-功能能材料,因此,这种材料从制造过程到产品使用都表现出极大的优势。本文在已有木陶瓷的研究基础上,通过对木陶瓷的低温釉骨架、玻璃碳骨架进行预实验及分析研究,最终将作为木材矿化加密、阻燃改性的硅溶胶用作制备木陶瓷的三维网络骨架结构,打破了以往木陶瓷制备过程中利用热固树脂浸渍强化的思路。选用南方常见的橡木加工剩余物为原料,通过压力成型、氮气烧结工艺成功制备出具有硅溶胶三维网络骨架的硅溶胶系木陶瓷复合材料。在此基础上,又制备出了氧化铝体系木陶瓷及聚乙烯醇(PVA)体系木陶瓷,对三种体系的木陶瓷,随着烧结温度的升高,残炭率表现出相同的变化趋势,在800℃之前降低,之后保持不变,而显气孔率、体积密度、抗压强度都在800℃出现了“V”字型转折。三种体系相比,氧化铝体系木陶瓷表现出较好的抗压强度,最大抗压强度为11Mpa,出现在800℃。通过扫描电镜对氧化铝体系样品进行微观形貌观察,发现,随着烧结温度的升高,样品内部出现链珠状晶须结构,又通过FT-IR、EDS能谱进一步分析,得知该链珠状晶须结构为硅溶胶与纳米氧化铝生成的莫来石结构,这些结构的出现增加了材料的机械强度。相比之下,PVA体系木陶瓷由于PVA的添加,导致样品抗压强度较低,但孔隙率有所增加。通过对三种体系木陶瓷样品进行X射线衍射(XRD)物相分析,发现样品没有出现较好的结晶,仍以无定型态为主。从微观形貌图看出,三种体系内部都出现了微球,其中硅溶胶体系中尤为明显,且微球尺寸处于纳米级,这是由于无定型态二氧化硅向晶态转变的结果。通过重金属离子吸附试验发现,样品对重金属离子具有一定的吸附性。
[Abstract]:The mass manufacture and consumption of materials lead to the crisis of resource consumption and environmental deterioration. Therefore, it is very important to realize the maximum utilization of resources and the sustainable development of environment. The appearance of woodceramics alleviates this contradiction to a certain extent. As an environmental material, on the one hand, it makes full use of biomass materials such as wood waste, realizes the maximum utilization of waste, saves resources, on the other hand, It also has good mechanical strength, adsorption, damping and other functions, it is a typical structure-functional energy material, so this material from the manufacturing process to the use of products have shown great advantages. In this paper, based on the existing woodceramics, the low temperature glaze skeleton and glass-carbon skeleton of woodceramics are pre-tested and analyzed, which will eventually be used as wood mineralization encryption. The flame-retardant modified silica sol is used as the three-dimensional network skeleton structure for the preparation of woodceramics, which breaks the idea of using thermosetting resin in the preparation of woodceramics. The silica sol-based wood-ceramic composites with the three-dimensional network skeleton of silica sol were successfully prepared by pressure molding and nitrogen sintering with the common oak processing residues in the south as raw materials. On this basis, the wood ceramics of alumina system and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) system were prepared. For the wood ceramics of the three systems, with the increase of sintering temperature, the carbon residue showed the same changing trend and decreased before 800 鈩，

本文编号：2035649