双反应段反应精馏塔的综合设计与控制研究
发布时间：2018-10-14 10:55
【摘要】：反应精馏技术是一种极其有效的过程强化技术,它将反应操作和分离操作集成在同一个塔器中,能够克服可逆反应中化学平衡的限制,并极大程度地降低系统的能量消耗和设备投资成本,具有非常可观的经济效益。经过多年的研究,反应精馏塔在化工领域已经得到了广泛的运用,如简单反应、并行反应和连续两步反应等。已有的研究多采用单反应段反应精馏塔实现连续两步反应的分离,这使得两步反应在单元操作中难以协调,容易造成转化率和选择性偏低的问题,导致系统的能耗和设备投资很高。为了解决这个难题,本文提出了一种双反应段反应精馏塔结构,两个反应段的安排将有助于协调两个反应之间的关系,从而提高系统的热力学效率。本文的具体工作安排如下：针对理想物系的连续两步可逆反应,利用数学软件Mathematica对该体系进行建模以及仿真研究,在双反应段反应精馏塔稳态设计的基础上研究其动态特性,采用相对增益矩阵对系统的输入输出变量进行分析以确定合理的控制结构,分析其在出现不同干扰的情况下的动态响应特性,并与单反应段反应精馏塔的控制效果进行比较。结果表明,在加入流量干扰和设定值干扰的情况下,双反应段结构具有更好的动态控制效果,能更加快速平稳地达到稳态设定值,从动态的角度明确了双反应段反应精馏塔的可行性。此外在实际反应物系的研究中,通常会存在共沸、液液分相等多种复杂情况,以采用甲酸作为夹带剂的环己烯两步法制备环己醇为例,文中对双反应段反应精馏系统进行了进一步的综合设计与分析。该反应体系采用化工流程软件Aspen Plus建模,以最小年度总费用(Total annual cost, TAC)作为优化目标得到稳态系统的最优操作条件,并与传统两个单反应段反应精馏塔级联的结构进行比较,进一步探索该结构的经济效益和可行性。结果表明,与传统级联结构相比,在反应精馏塔中安排两个反应段提供了更多设计变量,明显提高了系统的反应速率和分离效果,强化了系统内部的物质耦合和能量耦合,大大降低了设备投资和能量消耗。
[Abstract]:Reactive distillation is a very effective process strengthening technique, which integrates reaction operation and separation operation in the same tower, and can overcome the limitation of chemical equilibrium in reversible reaction. The energy consumption and equipment investment cost of the system are greatly reduced, which has considerable economic benefits. After many years of research, reaction distillation column has been widely used in chemical industry, such as simple reaction, parallel reaction and continuous two-step reaction. Most of the previous studies have used single-stage reaction distillation column to separate the two-step reaction, which makes the two-step reaction difficult to coordinate in the unit operation, which can easily cause the problem of low conversion and selectivity. The system energy consumption and equipment investment is very high. In order to solve this problem, a two-stage reaction distillation column structure is proposed in this paper. The arrangement of the two reaction sections will help to coordinate the relationship between the two reactions and thus improve the thermodynamic efficiency of the system. The detailed work of this paper is as follows: aiming at the continuous two-step reversible reaction of the ideal system, the dynamic characteristics of the system are studied on the basis of steady state design of the two-stage reaction distillation column by using the mathematical software Mathematica to model and simulate the system. The relative gain matrix is used to analyze the input and output variables of the system to determine the reasonable control structure. The dynamic response characteristics of the system under different disturbances are analyzed and compared with the control effect of the single-stage reaction distillation column. The results show that under the condition of flow disturbance and set value interference, the dual reaction section structure has better dynamic control effect and can reach steady state value more quickly and smoothly. The feasibility of double reaction distillation column was determined from the dynamic point of view. In addition, in the study of actual reactants, azeotrope and liquid-liquid fractions are equal in many complicated situations. For example, cyclohexene can be prepared by two-step cyclohexene method using formic acid as entrainer. Further comprehensive design and analysis of two-stage reaction distillation system have been carried out in this paper. The reaction system is modeled by chemical process software Aspen Plus, and the optimal operating conditions of the steady-state system are obtained with the minimum annual total cost (Total annual cost, TAC) as the optimization objective, and the structure of the cascade of two conventional single-stage reaction distillation columns is compared. Further explore the economic benefits and feasibility of the structure. The results show that compared with the traditional cascade structure, the arrangement of two reaction segments in the reaction distillation column provides more design variables, improves the reaction rate and separation efficiency of the system, and strengthens the material and energy coupling within the system. Greatly reduced equipment investment and energy consumption.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ053.5
本文编号：2270241
[Abstract]:Reactive distillation is a very effective process strengthening technique, which integrates reaction operation and separation operation in the same tower, and can overcome the limitation of chemical equilibrium in reversible reaction. The energy consumption and equipment investment cost of the system are greatly reduced, which has considerable economic benefits. After many years of research, reaction distillation column has been widely used in chemical industry, such as simple reaction, parallel reaction and continuous two-step reaction. Most of the previous studies have used single-stage reaction distillation column to separate the two-step reaction, which makes the two-step reaction difficult to coordinate in the unit operation, which can easily cause the problem of low conversion and selectivity. The system energy consumption and equipment investment is very high. In order to solve this problem, a two-stage reaction distillation column structure is proposed in this paper. The arrangement of the two reaction sections will help to coordinate the relationship between the two reactions and thus improve the thermodynamic efficiency of the system. The detailed work of this paper is as follows: aiming at the continuous two-step reversible reaction of the ideal system, the dynamic characteristics of the system are studied on the basis of steady state design of the two-stage reaction distillation column by using the mathematical software Mathematica to model and simulate the system. The relative gain matrix is used to analyze the input and output variables of the system to determine the reasonable control structure. The dynamic response characteristics of the system under different disturbances are analyzed and compared with the control effect of the single-stage reaction distillation column. The results show that under the condition of flow disturbance and set value interference, the dual reaction section structure has better dynamic control effect and can reach steady state value more quickly and smoothly. The feasibility of double reaction distillation column was determined from the dynamic point of view. In addition, in the study of actual reactants, azeotrope and liquid-liquid fractions are equal in many complicated situations. For example, cyclohexene can be prepared by two-step cyclohexene method using formic acid as entrainer. Further comprehensive design and analysis of two-stage reaction distillation system have been carried out in this paper. The reaction system is modeled by chemical process software Aspen Plus, and the optimal operating conditions of the steady-state system are obtained with the minimum annual total cost (Total annual cost, TAC) as the optimization objective, and the structure of the cascade of two conventional single-stage reaction distillation columns is compared. Further explore the economic benefits and feasibility of the structure. The results show that compared with the traditional cascade structure, the arrangement of two reaction segments in the reaction distillation column provides more design variables, improves the reaction rate and separation efficiency of the system, and strengthens the material and energy coupling within the system. Greatly reduced equipment investment and energy consumption.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ053.5
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