α-半水磷石膏晶须改性聚乙烯（PE）复合材料的研究
发布时间：2018-11-12 13:02
【摘要】：近年来,高分子材料由于其优越的综合性能和相对较简便的加工成型工艺,得到了迅速发展,而作为五大合成树脂之一的聚乙烯也存在广泛的应用。但是聚乙烯也存在着耐热性能差,性脆且耐冲击性差等缺点,通过添加无机物填充剂对其进行改性是提升性能的一种重要途径。将磷酸制备过程中得到的α-半水磷石膏晶须填充于聚乙烯中,既可以保留聚乙烯材料的主要特性,又能通过晶须的增强、增韧等优势改善材料的性能,同时可以降低材料的成本。本文采用硝酸法酸解磷矿联产制备α-半水磷石膏晶须,考察磷酸浓度、硫酸浓度和搅拌速率对晶须长径比的影响;采用五种常规改性剂对所得晶须表面进行改性处理,研究改性工艺及不同改性剂用量对晶须改性效果的影响,优选出合适的处理工艺和配比;将处理后的α-半水磷石膏晶须填充的聚乙烯材料中半水磷石膏晶须填充的聚乙烯材料中,研究不同填量和不同长径比的α-半水磷石膏晶须对聚乙烯复合材料性能的影响。结果如下:(1)当磷酸浓度不低于29%时,得到的磷石膏主要成分是α-CaSO_4·0.5H_2O;(2)在90℃温度下,当磷酸浓度为33%,硫酸浓度为39.2%,搅拌速率为400r/min时,得到的α-半水磷石膏晶须长径比最大为45;当磷酸浓度为37%,硫酸浓度为58.8%,搅拌速率为200r/min时,得到的α-半水磷石膏晶须长径比最小为8;(3)在改性温度为60℃,改性时间为60min,乙醇用量为α-半水磷石膏晶须的5倍的最佳改性工艺条件下,改性剂为硬脂酸,且用量为5%时,α-半水磷石膏晶须的改性效果最佳;(4)当α-半水磷石膏晶须填充量为5份时,聚乙烯复合材料力学性能最佳,结晶度最高,拉伸强度最大为25.0MPa,弯曲强度最大为44.0MPa。原因是此时晶须均匀分布在基体中,对聚乙烯材料结晶有一定诱导作用,结晶度有所提高;(5)当填料含量均为5份,α-半水磷石膏晶须长径比为45时聚乙烯复合材料的力学性能比长径比为15的要好,且拉伸强度提高4.28%,弯曲强度提高3.41%,冲击强度提高3.98%。
[Abstract]:In recent years, polymer materials have been developed rapidly because of their superior comprehensive properties and relatively simple processing and molding technology. Polyethylene, one of the five synthetic resins, has also been widely used. However, polyethylene also has some disadvantages, such as poor heat resistance, brittleness and poor impact resistance. It is an important way to improve the properties of polyethylene by adding inorganic filler. The 伪 -hemihydrate gypsum whisker obtained in the preparation of phosphoric acid can not only retain the main properties of polyethylene, but also improve the properties of the material by strengthening and toughening the whisker. At the same time, the cost of materials can be reduced. In this paper, 伪 -hemihydrate phosphogypsum whiskers were prepared by acidolysis of phosphate rock by nitric acid method. The effects of phosphoric acid concentration, sulfuric acid concentration and stirring rate on the aspect ratio of 伪 -hemihydrate gypsum whisker were investigated. The surface of the whisker was modified by five kinds of conventional modifiers. The effects of modification technology and the amount of modifier on the modification effect of whisker were studied. The effect of 伪 -hemihydrate gypsum whisker on the properties of polyethylene composites was studied in the polyethylene materials filled with 伪 -hemihydrate gypsum whiskers with different dosages and different aspect ratios of 伪 -hemihydrate gypsum whiskers. The results are as follows: (1) when phosphoric acid concentration is not less than 29%, the main component of phosphogypsum obtained is 伪-CaSO_4 0.5H _ 2O; (2) at 90 鈩，
本文编号：2327186
[Abstract]:In recent years, polymer materials have been developed rapidly because of their superior comprehensive properties and relatively simple processing and molding technology. Polyethylene, one of the five synthetic resins, has also been widely used. However, polyethylene also has some disadvantages, such as poor heat resistance, brittleness and poor impact resistance. It is an important way to improve the properties of polyethylene by adding inorganic filler. The 伪 -hemihydrate gypsum whisker obtained in the preparation of phosphoric acid can not only retain the main properties of polyethylene, but also improve the properties of the material by strengthening and toughening the whisker. At the same time, the cost of materials can be reduced. In this paper, 伪 -hemihydrate phosphogypsum whiskers were prepared by acidolysis of phosphate rock by nitric acid method. The effects of phosphoric acid concentration, sulfuric acid concentration and stirring rate on the aspect ratio of 伪 -hemihydrate gypsum whisker were investigated. The surface of the whisker was modified by five kinds of conventional modifiers. The effects of modification technology and the amount of modifier on the modification effect of whisker were studied. The effect of 伪 -hemihydrate gypsum whisker on the properties of polyethylene composites was studied in the polyethylene materials filled with 伪 -hemihydrate gypsum whiskers with different dosages and different aspect ratios of 伪 -hemihydrate gypsum whiskers. The results are as follows: (1) when phosphoric acid concentration is not less than 29%, the main component of phosphogypsum obtained is 伪-CaSO_4 0.5H _ 2O; (2) at 90 鈩，
本文编号：2327186
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