机床高速主轴预紧机构设计及其特性研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 05:27

本文关键词： 接触球轴承压电陶瓷柔性机构主轴预紧机构自调节　出处：《天津工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：机床制造水平直接影响到我国制造业的整体水准,因此在当今趋势下对于高转速、高精度机床的需求也就愈发的迫切。主轴作为机床的核心部件,其性能好坏直接关系到机床能否进行有效的工作。主轴的预紧技术是主轴研究领域的重要方向之一,主轴的预紧力能随着主轴工作情况的改变而实时调整以保持一个最佳的工作状态,是其研究领域的一个关键目标。因此确定主轴的最佳预紧力并通过自适应调节系统使其保持这种状态,是高速高精度机床在全工况范围内动力学特性保持最优的前提。本文围绕高速角接触球轴承的最佳预紧力的选取以及所建立的预紧机构性能展开了深入的研究与分析,其主要内容包括:(1)基于高速角接触球轴承的静力学、动力学等分析要领,采用牛顿迭代法并利用MATLAB软件分析了高速角接触球轴承的接触角、接触应力、惯性力矩等的变化规律。以赫兹接触理论为基础,利用ANSYS仿真软件分析滚动体与滚道接触特性。(2)根据高速角接触球轴承运动—力—热产生之间的关系,仿真建立了轴承温度分布三维云图,得到主轴转速、预紧力以及滚动体温度的拟合曲线图。在分析主轴预紧力、轴向位移以及轴承温升间的内在联系的基础上,得到了合适的主轴最佳预紧力曲线图以及相对应的轴向位移曲线图。(3)以最佳预紧力原则,提出了一种新型主轴预紧自调节机构,该机构以叠层压电陶瓷驱动器作为驱动源,柔性机构作为传递机构。分别以力和位移为参量,将压电陶瓷的输出与柔性铰链的输出进行串联,最后得到了复合性输出,来适应轴承温度的变化所产生的预紧变化。通过与定压预紧比较,得到了较好的效果,比较了使用可调预紧机构与定压预紧下的轴承温度的变化对比曲线图。
[Abstract]:Machine tool manufacturing level directly affects the overall level of the manufacturing industry in China, so the demand for high speed and high precision machine tools becomes more and more urgent under the current trend. The spindle is the core component of machine tools. Its performance is directly related to whether the machine tool can carry on the effective work. The preload technology of the spindle is one of the important directions in the research field of the spindle. The pretightening force of the spindle can be adjusted in real time with the change of the working condition of the spindle to maintain an optimal working condition. It is a key goal in its research field. Therefore, the optimal preload of the spindle is determined and the adaptive adjustment system is used to keep it in this state. It is the premise that the dynamic characteristics of high speed and high precision machine tools remain optimal in the whole operating condition. This paper focuses on the selection of the optimum preloading force of the high speed angular contact ball bearings and the performance of the established preload mechanism. Analysis. The main contents include: 1) based on the statics and dynamics of high speed angular contact ball bearing, the contact angle of high speed angular contact ball bearing is analyzed by Newton iteration method and MATLAB software. The variation of contact stress, inertia moment, etc. Based on Hertz contact theory. According to the relationship between motion, force and heat of high speed angular contact ball bearing, the three-dimensional cloud diagram of bearing temperature distribution is established by using ANSYS simulation software to analyze the contact characteristics of rolling body and raceway. The fitting curves of spindle rotation speed, preload force and rolling body temperature are obtained. Based on the analysis of the inherent relationship between spindle preload force, axial displacement and bearing temperature rise. According to the principle of optimum preload force, a new type of spindle preload self-regulating mechanism is proposed. The mechanism takes the laminated piezoelectric actuator as the driving source and the flexible mechanism as the transmission mechanism. The output of the piezoelectric ceramic and the output of the flexure hinge are connected in series with the force and displacement as the parameters respectively. Finally, the compound output is obtained to adapt to the change of bearing temperature. Compared with the constant pressure preload, a better effect is obtained. The curves of the temperature change of bearing with adjustable preload mechanism and constant pressure preload are compared.
【学位授予单位】：天津工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG502.3

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