车削中心电主轴系统热误差控制和补偿技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 05:20

  本文选题：电主轴系统 + 有限元分析　； 参考：《湖南大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：机床热误差占机床综合加工误差的40%-75%,机床主轴系统热变形是产生机床热误差的主要因素。热误差控制及补偿是提高高速机床加工精度的关键技术。本文以某车削中心为研究对象。在电主轴系统的发热和传热机理分析的基础上建立了计入接触热阻的有限元模型,进行了仿真分析；并搭建了机床温度场测试平台,展开了实验测试；最后在仿真分析和实验测试的基础上提出了高速机床热误差的控制方法,设计了热变形补偿系统。首先,根据所研究的高速车削中心的实际工况,分析了电主轴系统的主要热源及发热机理,并探讨了电主轴系统工况下涉及的传热和散热机理；其次,在理论分析和实际模型的基础上建立了有限元模型,对主轴系统进行有限元网格划分过程中,提出并应用网格装配思路,大幅降低了大型装配体网格划分的难度；另外,计入接触热阻的有限元分析方法使高速车削中心电主轴系统的温度场的有限元仿真分析结果与实际结果十分接近；然后,搭建了电主轴系统温度场实时测试系统,实施了实验测试,实验结果和仿真分析的结果吻合,表明仿真模型准确可靠。仿真和实验结果显示,在高转速条件下,车削中心的主轴系统热源发热量急剧增加,当转速大于3000r/min时,温度上升十分显著,因此可见高速机床不是普通机床的简单升级。最后,探索了机床热误差的控制和补偿方法。提出了恒温暖机方法,可以缩短暖机时间,提高工作效率,提高机床加工精度。该方法是以有效利用冷却水为切入点,利用循环水在暖机阶段为机床加热,工作阶段为机床降温,以此提高暖机效率。设计了一种压电陶瓷驱动的高频响热变形补偿驱动器,以期在线补偿可预判的加工误差。
[Abstract]:The thermal error of machine tool accounts for 40% to 75% of the error of machine tool comprehensive machining. The thermal deformation of machine tool spindle system is the main factor to produce the thermal error of machine tool. Thermal error control and compensation is the key technology to improve the machining accuracy of high speed machine tools. In this paper, a turning center is taken as the research object. Based on the analysis of heat and heat transfer mechanism of motorized spindle system, the finite element model with contact thermal resistance is established, and the simulation analysis is carried out, and the testing platform of temperature field of machine tool is built, and the experimental test is carried out. Finally, on the basis of simulation analysis and experimental test, the control method of thermal error of high-speed machine tool is put forward, and the thermal deformation compensation system is designed. Firstly, according to the actual working condition of the high-speed turning center studied, the main heat source and heating mechanism of the motorized spindle system are analyzed, and the heat transfer and heat dissipation mechanism of the motorized spindle system are discussed. On the basis of theoretical analysis and practical model, the finite element model is established. In the process of finite element mesh generation of spindle system, the idea of mesh assembly is put forward and applied, which greatly reduces the difficulty of mesh generation of large assembly. The finite element analysis method with contact thermal resistance makes the finite element simulation results of the temperature field of the high-speed turning center motorized spindle system very close to the actual results. Then, a real time measuring system for the temperature field of the motorized spindle system is built. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results, which show that the simulation model is accurate and reliable. The simulation and experimental results show that the heat source of the spindle system in the turning center increases sharply under the condition of high rotational speed, and the temperature rises significantly when the rotational speed is greater than 3000r/min, so it can be seen that the high-speed machine tool is not a simple upgrade of the common machine tool. Finally, the control and compensation methods of machine tool thermal error are explored. The method of constant warping machine is put forward, which can shorten the time of warming machine, improve the working efficiency and improve the machining precision of machine tool. This method takes the effective use of cooling water as the breakthrough point, using circulating water to heat the machine tool in the stage of heating machine and cooling the temperature of the machine tool in the working stage, so as to improve the efficiency of the heating machine. In this paper, a piezoelectric ceramic driven high frequency thermal deformation compensation driver is designed to compensate the preestimated machining error.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TG51
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本文编号：1827917