车床超声检测附件产品族耦合及控制技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 01:23

本文选题：产品族 + 超声检测附件　；参考：《中北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“超声检测”是无损检测技术领域里主要的探测手段。随着科学技术的快速发展,“超声自动检测技术”成为超声检测技术发展的必然趋势。超声自动检测技术已经在航空、航天、核电及高铁等领域关键零部件的检测中得到了较多的应用,但是在普通零部件的检测中应用较少,其中检测设备研发成本高、开发周期长、通用性差等一些问题是限制超声自动检测技术推广与应用的主要因素。针对这种情况,提出“车床超声检测附件”的概念,旨在通过产品族技术开发一种适用于车床的超声检测附件,该附件安装在车床上组成车床超声自动检测系统,以此代替超声检测装置,从而降低超声自动检测设备的开发成本,缩短开发周期,使其变得更具通用性。本文阐述了车床超声检测附件的概念和特点,对整个附件组成结构进行了分析,基于产品族的理念将附件进行了模块化划分,设计了车床超声检测附件产品平台,并分别针对超声耦合模块、控制系统模块以及上位机模块进行了详细的分析论证和实验验证。首先,通过对车床超声检测附件中的耦合技术进行研究,提出了薄膜耦合法和水柱溢水法的概念,对耦合结构进行模块化、参数化设计,通过仿真求得耦合结构的最佳参数并完成相应零部件的加工制造,针对不同曲率的工件,在车床上进行检测实验,结果表明薄膜耦合法适用于小曲率的工件,水柱溢水法适用于大曲率的工件。其次,通过对工业中常见控制系统进行对比,选定单片机作为控制器,并对单片机的控制任务进行了分析,完成了车床超声检测附件产品族控制系统的硬件和软件的模块化设计,在车床上进行了实验,结果表明单片机控制器和车床数控系统的协同控制能够取得比较好的效果。最后,根据是否将附件运动同车床运动一同编程,将NC代码的识别提取划分为时间同步法和直接提取法两种方式,通过对NC代码的组成格式和车削加工零件常见轮廓进行分析,完成了车床超声检测附件数控代码提取器的算法设计和NC代码的模块提取,并通过实例验证了方案的可行性。
[Abstract]:Ultrasonic testing is the main detection method in the field of nondestructive testing technology. With the rapid development of science and technology, automatic ultrasonic detection technology has become an inevitable trend. The ultrasonic automatic testing technology has been widely used in the detection of key parts in the fields of aviation, aerospace, nuclear power and high iron, but it is less used in the detection of ordinary parts, among which the cost of research and development of testing equipment is high. Some problems, such as long development period and poor generality, are the main factors restricting the popularization and application of ultrasonic automatic detection technology. In view of this situation, the concept of "lathe ultrasonic testing accessory" is put forward in order to develop a kind of ultrasonic testing accessory suitable for lathe through product family technology, which is installed on the lathe to form a lathe ultrasonic automatic testing system. In order to reduce the development cost, shorten the development cycle and make it more universal. This paper describes the concept and characteristics of lathe ultrasonic testing accessories, analyzes the structure of the whole accessories, divides the accessories into modules based on the concept of product family, and designs the product platform of lathe ultrasonic testing accessories. The ultrasonic coupling module, the control system module and the upper computer module are analyzed and verified in detail. First of all, by studying the coupling technology in the ultrasonic testing accessory of lathe, the concepts of membrane coupling method and water column overflow method are put forward, and the coupling structure is modularized and parameterized. The optimum parameters of the coupling structure are obtained by simulation and the machining and manufacturing of the corresponding parts are completed. The testing experiments are carried out on the lathe for the workpieces with different curvature. The results show that the film coupling method is suitable for the workpieces with small curvature. The water column overflow method is suitable for large curvature workpieces. Secondly, by comparing the common control systems in industry, the single-chip computer is selected as the controller, and the control task of the single-chip microcomputer is analyzed. The modularization design of hardware and software of the lathe ultrasonic testing accessory product family control system is completed, and the experiment is carried out on the lathe. The results show that the cooperative control between the single-chip microcomputer controller and the lathe numerical control system can achieve better results. Finally, according to whether the accessory motion and lathe motion are programmed together, the identification and extraction of NC code are divided into two ways: time synchronization method and direct extraction method. The composition format of NC code and the common contour of turning parts are analyzed. The algorithm design of numerical control code extractor for ultrasonic testing accessory of lathe and the module extraction of NC code are completed, and the feasibility of the scheme is verified by an example.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG51

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