不锈钢制品内表面电解质等离子抛光技术的研究及应用

发布时间：2018-05-15 03:37

本文选题：电解质等离子抛光 + 基本规律　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：不锈钢材料由于具有良好的耐腐蚀性、成型性、宽温度范围的强韧性、经济和适用性,使其在化工、制药、食品、生活用品以及建筑装饰行业得到了广泛的应用。为了使不锈钢制品有良好的使用性能和光洁的外观,需要对成型后的产品进行抛光处理,尤其在制药、餐饮食品及化工行业。目前,对不锈钢制品内表面进行抛光的主要有酸洗和电化学加工方法,也有部分学者研究了用于不锈钢管内表面机械抛磨设备。酸洗和电化学加工成本高,废液难处理,对环境有污染。机械抛光加工过程会产生金属粉尘,并且只能加工结构简单的工件,对于形貌复杂的工件,往往捉襟见肘。因此,寻找一种绿色高效的不锈钢制品内表面抛光方法具有现实的意义。针对不锈钢制品内表面抛光的问题,本文对不锈钢制品内表面电解质等离子抛光技术进行了相关探索和研究,将电解质等离子加工技术引入不锈钢制品内表面抛光中来代替传统的抛光方法。以期取得良好的加工效果,找出部分不锈钢制品内表面抛光的最佳工艺,提供一种新的不锈钢制品内表面抛光方法,为后续的研究打下基础。电解质等离子加工技术使用清洁的电能和低浓度的盐溶液,对环境无污染,可以抛光复杂形貌的金属制品,能大幅度的降低设备成本,简化操作和抛光工序。试验证明,电解质等离子加工技术能够对不锈钢制品进行内表面抛光,提高其表面质量。本文在电解质等离子去毛刺抛光的加工机理的基础上,分析了电解质等离子加工需要具备的条件。提出用中心电极法进行内表面的加工,以304不锈钢管为样件,通过试验对该方法进行了验证,找出了不锈钢管内表面抛光的电压参数和抛光方法。搭建了用于内表面抛光的实验平台,在此基础上针对不锈钢管内表面抛光问题进行了系列的试验,考察了各工艺参数对抛光后内表面粗糙度的影响,发现增加抛光液浓度有利于内表面加工的平稳性,并得出了电解质等离子内表面抛光的基本规律。进一步以电解液流量、温度、浓度和加工时间为影响因素进行正交试验,分析了各影响因素的主次顺序,得出了最佳加工参数。利用最优参数对Φ25mm,长度50mm的不锈钢管进行了加工,用OLS3000共聚焦显微镜对距离下端口处10mm的切片进行检测,对加工前后的内表面微观形貌和粗糙度进行对比,发现微观形貌变得平滑,表面粗糙度从初始的0.6113μm降低到了0.0541μm。随后,对不锈钢盲孔内表面进行了抛光,取得了良好的抛光效果,并分析了不锈钢保温杯的特点和抛光要求,设计了专用的夹具对保温杯进行了抛光,提高了其内表面的光洁度。
[Abstract]:Stainless steel materials have been widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, food, household products and architectural decoration industry due to their good corrosion resistance, formability, strength and toughness over a wide range of temperature, economy and applicability. In order to make stainless steel products have good performance and smooth appearance, it is necessary to polish the formed products, especially in the pharmaceutical, catering and chemical industries. At present, the internal surface polishing of stainless steel products mainly includes acid cleaning and electrochemical machining, and some scholars have also studied the mechanical polishing equipment for stainless steel tube inner surface. High cost of acid pickling and electrochemical processing, difficult to deal with waste liquid, pollution to the environment. Metal dust will be produced in the process of mechanical polishing, and only the workpiece with simple structure can be machined, but for the workpiece with complicated morphology, it is often overstretched. Therefore, it is of practical significance to find a green and efficient polishing method for stainless steel internal surface. Aiming at the problem of internal surface polishing of stainless steel products, the plasma polishing technology of electrolytes on the inner surface of stainless steel products has been explored and studied in this paper. The electrolytes plasma processing technology was introduced to the internal surface polishing of stainless steel products to replace the traditional polishing methods. In order to obtain good processing effect, to find out the best process of internal surface polishing of some stainless steel products, to provide a new polishing method for stainless steel products, and to lay a foundation for further research. Electrolytes plasma processing technology uses clean electric energy and low concentration of salt solution, which can not pollute the environment, can polish metal products with complex morphology, can greatly reduce the cost of equipment, and simplify the operation and polishing process. The results show that the electrolytes plasma processing technology can improve the surface quality of stainless steel products by internal surface polishing. On the basis of the machining mechanism of electrolyte plasma deburring polishing, the necessary conditions of electrolyte plasma processing are analyzed in this paper. The inner surface of 304 stainless steel pipe was processed by the central electrode method. The method was verified by experiments, and the voltage parameters and polishing methods of the inner surface polishing of stainless steel tube were found out. An experimental platform for internal surface polishing was set up, and a series of experiments were carried out on the internal surface polishing of stainless steel tube. The influence of various process parameters on the internal surface roughness after polishing was investigated. It is found that increasing the concentration of polishing liquid is beneficial to the smoothness of internal surface processing, and the basic rules of internal surface polishing of electrolyte plasma are obtained. Furthermore, orthogonal experiments were carried out with the electrolyte flow rate, temperature, concentration and processing time as the influencing factors, and the order of the influencing factors was analyzed, and the optimum processing parameters were obtained. The 桅 25mm and length 50mm stainless steel tubes were fabricated by using the optimal parameters. The 10mm sections at the distance were detected by OLS3000 confocal microscope, and the internal surface morphology and roughness were compared before and after processing. It was found that the surface roughness decreased from 0.6113 渭 m to 0.0541 渭 m. Then, the inner surface of the blind hole of stainless steel was polished, and a good polishing effect was obtained. The characteristics and polishing requirements of stainless steel insulation cup were analyzed, and a special fixture was designed to polish the insulation cup. The finish of the inner surface is improved.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG175.1

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