铜、钢和铁的光谱发射率的研究

发布时间：2018-05-22 08:02

本文选题：光谱发射率 + 温度　；参考：《河南师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着生产自动化的发展和智能设备的兴起,传感器的需求也越来越大,温度传感器的精度和适用范围的扩大对生产和生活各个方面都起着非常重要的作用。红外测温具有适用范围广、使用方便的特点,在温度传感器领域的地位越来越重要,而温度传感器精度的提高,有赖于材料红外发射率的准确测量。本文利用本实验室自行设计的能量法测量光谱发射率的设备,对几种常见的金属及其合金,如铁、钢、铜和黄铜的光谱发射率做了系统的研究。文章介绍了材料表面发射率研究的背景和意义;对材料光谱发射率的研究现状做了说明,对光谱发射率的测量方法和测量仪器做了简单的综述和总结;材料发射率相关的概念:黑体辐射、普朗克定律、维恩位移定律、辐射体的分类;基尔霍夫定律、斯特潘·玻尔兹曼定律以及与之密切相关的红外测温的三种技术:利用辐射温度测温法、亮温度测温法和比色测温法。对黑体腔的制造原理做了简单的介绍;详细介绍了发射率相关的形式和定义;对能量对比法测量材料光谱发射率的三种方法:单光路法、双光路法和光纤光路法做了比较细致的介绍,并对本次研究应用的实验设备做了说明;对可能影响发射率测量的环境因素,如大气中水蒸汽和二氧化碳对红外波段光谱的吸收也做了讨论。主要结论如下:第一,铜锌合金H62在实验条件下的氧化物主要是ZnO,这使得氧化后的铜锌合金H62的光谱发射率比相同条件下的纯铜合金光谱发射率低;经过一小时氧化,铜锌合金的氧化膜厚度大约为1.64μm;第二,氧化后的铜锌合金H62的光谱发射率随温度升高而增加,随波长增加而减小;最后,氧化后的铜锌合金H62和纯铜的光谱发射率在波长为10μm处显著增加,这是由于Christiansen效应的影响。第四,201钢、304钢和A3铁材料的光谱发射率基本都遵循随温度升高而增大的规律,铬元素含量越高的材料其光谱发射率值越小,A3铁在所有温度点的光谱发射率均大于201钢和304钢的发射率。由X射线衍射分析的数据可以看出,201钢和304钢的表面氧化膜以稳定的氧化铬为主,光谱发射率相对于A3铁较为稳定,而A3铁表面氧化膜为不稳定的四氧化三铁Fe3O4和氧化亚铁FeO,由于不同温度下成分的转变,导致光谱发射率出现了较大的变化。由于Christiansen效应对光谱发射率的影响,三种样品的光谱发射率在10μm附近均出现了极值。
[Abstract]:With the development of production automation and the rise of intelligent equipment, the demand for sensors is increasing. The expansion of precision and application of temperature sensors plays a very important role in production and life. Infrared temperature measurement is more and more important in the field of temperature sensor because of its wide range of application and convenient use. The improvement of temperature sensor precision depends on the accurate measurement of material infrared emissivity. In this paper, the spectral emissivity of several common metals and their alloys, such as iron, steel, copper and brass, has been systematically studied by using the energy method designed by our laboratory to measure the spectral emissivity. This paper introduces the background and significance of the research on the surface emissivity of materials, explains the present situation of the research on the emissivity of the materials, and summarizes the measuring methods and instruments of the spectral emissivity. Concepts related to material emissivity: blackbody radiation, Planck's law, Wayne's displacement law, classification of radiators, Kirchhoff's law, Stepan Boltzmann's law and three related infrared temperature measurement techniques: radiation temperature measurement, bright temperature measurement and colorimetric temperature measurement. The manufacturing principle of black cavity is briefly introduced, the form and definition of emissivity correlation are introduced in detail, and three methods for measuring the spectral emissivity of materials by energy contrast: single optical path method, The double optical path method and the optical fiber optical path method are introduced in detail, and the experimental equipment used in this study is described, and the environmental factors that may affect the emissivity measurement are also discussed. For example, the absorption of water vapor and carbon dioxide to infrared spectrum is also discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: first, ZnO is the main oxide of Cu-Zn alloy H62 under the experimental conditions, which makes the spectral emissivity of the oxidized Cu-Zn alloy H62 lower than that of pure copper alloy under the same conditions. The oxide film thickness of Cu-Zn alloy is about 1.64 渭 m. Secondly, the spectral emissivity of the oxidized Cu-Zn alloy H62 increases with the increase of temperature and decreases with the increase of wavelength. The spectral emissivity of the oxidized Cu-Zn alloy H62 and pure copper increases significantly at the wavelength of 10 渭 m, which is due to the effect of Christiansen effect. The spectral emissivity of the fourth FIB201 steel T304 steel and the A3 iron material basically follows the law of increasing with the increase of temperature. The higher the Cr content, the smaller the spectral emissivity of Fe _ (3) O _ (3) is higher than that of steel 201 and steel 304 at all temperature points. From the data of X-ray diffraction analysis, it can be seen that the surface oxide film is mainly composed of stable chromium oxide, and the spectral emissivity is more stable than that of A3 iron. On the other hand, the oxide film on the surface of A3 is unstable Fe3O4 and Feo. The spectral emissivity has changed greatly due to the change of composition at different temperature. Because of the influence of Christiansen effect on the spectral emissivity, the spectral emissivity of the three kinds of samples appears extreme value near 10 渭 m.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TG115

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