高速卧式加工中心支承件结构分析及优化设计

发布时间：2018-05-23 08:22

本文选题：高速卧式加工中心 + 支承件(立柱)　；参考：《兰州理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：高速卧式加工中心是现代制造体系中高效且精密加工的核心制造装备。作为其本体结构的支承件,不仅在布局、质量与材料等方面影响着机床的整体性能,其静态、动态和受热特性更对机床的精度和可靠性产生着重要影响。本课题以高速卧式加工中心典型支承件中的立柱作为研究对象,基于对国内外技术应用现状和研究方法的分析,形成基本研究思路和构架,进而进行相关理论与方法的分析,讨论以立柱为代表的机床支承件的设计、计算和分析思路与方法。在研究过程中,通过对高速切削、机床结构设计、支承件设计等理论和主流方法的学习,结合对机床结构优化方法、有限元计算分析方法和结构拓扑优化方法的学习和应用,决定采用以限元方法为主要设计计算手段的机床支承件动静态特性的计算和分析方法。在基于前期分析和设计的结论之上,对立柱进行了静态和动态特性的分析。在静态分析方面,通过对其与主轴系统在特定工作状况下受载应力与应变的分析,发现其该方案静态特性在强度方面足够,刚度方面需要再优化。通过对立柱各阶模态的分析得出其在不同阶数下的固有频率和振型,发现这种方案的低阶固有频率和形变量较理想。基于对加工中心立柱动静、态特性的分析结论,提出了“在立柱本体连接部位加肋”和“更改加强肋形式”两种结构优化的方案,同时也结合经验分析提出了“去除立柱后方上部部分材料”和“立柱两侧适量减材”的两轻量化设计方案。通过对以上四种方案各自六阶模态数据的对比,得出立柱设计方案的优化对比结论。
[Abstract]:High-speed horizontal machining center is the core manufacturing equipment of high efficiency and precision machining in modern manufacturing system. As the supporting part of its body structure, it not only affects the overall performance of the machine tool in terms of layout, quality and material, but also its static, dynamic and thermal characteristics have an important impact on the accuracy and reliability of the machine tool. Based on the analysis of the status quo and research methods of the domestic and foreign technology application, the basic research ideas and framework are formed, and then the related theories and methods are analyzed, taking the columns in the typical support parts of the high speed horizontal machining center as the research object, and based on the analysis of the present situation and research methods of the technology at home and abroad. This paper discusses the design, calculation and analysis ideas and methods of machine tool supports represented by columns. In the course of the research, by studying the theories and mainstream methods of high speed cutting, machine tool structure design, support design and so on, combined with the study and application of machine tool structure optimization method, finite element calculation and analysis method and structure topology optimization method, The method of calculating and analyzing the dynamic and static characteristics of machine tool supporting parts is decided to use the finite element method as the main design method. Based on the previous analysis and design, the static and dynamic characteristics of the column are analyzed. In the aspect of static analysis, it is found that the static characteristic of the scheme is sufficient in strength and stiffness needs to be optimized. The natural frequencies and modes of the columns with different orders are obtained by analyzing the modes of the columns. It is found that the low order natural frequencies and the deformation of this scheme are ideal. Based on the analysis of the dynamic and dynamic characteristics of the column in the machining center, two structural optimization schemes, "adding ribs in the connecting part of the column body" and "changing the form of the strengthened rib", are put forward. At the same time, two lightweight design schemes, "removing the material from the upper part of the rear of the column" and "reducing the material on both sides of the column", are also put forward based on the empirical analysis. Based on the comparison of the six-order modal data of the four schemes above, the conclusion of the optimization of the column design scheme is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG659

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