12%CR铁素体不锈钢焊管的组织和性能研究
发布时间:2018-05-29 17:32
本文选题:12%Cr铁素体不锈钢 + 高频焊接 ; 参考:《天津工业大学》2017年硕士论文
【摘要】:12%Cr铁素体不锈钢是一种碳含量和铬含量均很低的经济型铁素体不锈钢,不仅价格低廉,而且具有良好的焊接性,研究该钢种的焊接性对提高我国钢铁制造行业生产效率具有实际意义。本课题采用高频焊接工艺将12%Cr铁素体不锈钢钢板制成高频焊管,观察分析焊接接头的宏观形貌和显微组织变化及机理。改变焊接速度、气体保护和焊后热处理条件,结合组织变化和力学性能特点,分析不同焊接工艺对焊接接头的影响,为实际生产提供理论指导。观察分析焊接接头的形貌和组织,高频焊接热影响区呈现腰鼓形,宽度hn为 0.6~0.75mm,约为管壁厚度 3mm 的 1/4~1/3,h≈hi≈1.3~2.2hn,fo≈fiv1.3~3fn,均符合理想的焊缝结构参数,热影响区尺寸随着焊接速度的增大而减小。12%Cr铁素体不锈钢母材基体组织为单相铁素体,其平均晶粒尺寸约为30μm。经过高频焊接后,焊缝熔合线的组织由δ铁素体、粗晶板条马氏体和少量残余奥氏体组成,晶粒大小约为80Oμm~100μm;热影响区的组织由均匀分布的黑色块状马氏体和白色铁素体基体组成,晶粒大小约为20μm~50μm,低于850℃的区域虽受热源影响,但不发生相变,最终组织与母材基本一致。高频焊接过程中某些合金元素会以化合物的形式析出,对焊接接头质量产生影响,应严格控制微量合金元素的含量。对焊接接头进行力学性能测试,结果表明,焊接过程产生大量高硬度马氏体组织,提升了材料的强、硬度和耐磨性,增加了材料的区域淬硬性,降低了焊接接头的冲击韧性。热影响区晶粒粗大、存在杂质析出相等因素,会对材料的冲击韧性造成不利影响,降低材料的使用性能。焊接速度增大,热影响区宽度减小,高硬度、低韧性区宽度也会随之减小;焊后热处理工艺可以细化晶粒,使组织更加均匀化,提高材料的综合力学性能;焊接过程中若无气体保护条件,会产生大量氧化物夹杂,且不易被排出,容易引起热裂纹等缺陷。12%Cr铁素体不锈钢进行高频焊接的过程中必须进行焊接气体保护和焊后热处理,在保证获得理想焊缝结构参数的前提下,焊接速度越大越好。同时应适当加入一些微量合金元素来控制其含量,获得理想的焊接接头。
[Abstract]:12%Cr Ferritic stainless steel is an economical ferrite stainless steel with low carbon content and low chromium content. It is not only cheap but also has good weldability. It is of practical significance to study the weldability of this kind of steel for improving the production efficiency of iron and steel manufacturing industry in China. In this paper, 12%Cr ferrite stainless steel plate was made into high frequency welded pipe by high frequency welding technology. The macroscopic morphology, microstructure change and mechanism of welded joint were observed and analyzed. The effects of different welding processes on welded joints are analyzed by changing welding speed, gas protection and post-welding heat treatment conditions, combined with microstructure changes and mechanical properties, and providing theoretical guidance for practical production. The morphology and microstructure of the welded joints were observed and analyzed. The high frequency welding heat affected zone showed a waist drum shape with a width of 0. 6 ~ 0. 75mm, about 1 / 4 / 1 / 3 h of the thickness of the pipe wall 3mm 鈮,
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