高速超声振动切削钛合金可行性研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 01:44

本文选题：高速切削 + 断续切削　；参考：《机械工程学报》2017年19期

【摘要】：钛合金由于其出色的机械性能广泛的应用于航空航天结构组件中。但较低的机械加工性使得钛合金切削速度低,即使在使用先进的切削刀具时,也因切削高温而难以进行高速切削加工。断续切削是一种有效地降低切削温度和改善切削质量的方法,作为典型的断续切削方法,传统超声振动切削(Traditional ultrasonic vibration cutting,UVC)和椭圆超声振动切削(elliptical ultrasonic vibration cutting,EUVC)已取得了显著的加工优势。但振动切削临界速度限制了它们的应用仅在低速切削场合。因此一种新的超声振动切削方法被提出,即高速超声振动切削(High-speed ultrasonic vibration cutting,HUVC),此时刀具的振动方向与进给方向平行。当切削速度远远超过UVC和EUVC方法的临界速度时,刀具和工件依旧可以在一定的条件下实现分离。从而HUVC方法实现了宏观上的高速切削和微观上的断续切削,提升了钛合金的切削加工性。首先,HUVC方法的原理在文中给出,随后通过一系列使用普通切削(Conventional cutting CC)方法和HUVC方法的高速切削Ti-6Al-4V合金的对比试验来验证HUVC方法的可行性。试验结果表明,因刀具磨损的显著下降,HUVC方法的刀具寿命可最大提升300%。此外,相比CC方法,HUVC方法的切削效率可以显著提升90%,切削力最大下降50%并在连续的切削加工过程中获得更佳的表面质量。
[Abstract]:Titanium alloys are widely used in aerospace structural assemblies due to their excellent mechanical properties. But the low machinability makes the cutting speed of titanium alloy low, even when using advanced cutting tools, it is difficult to carry out high speed cutting because of cutting high temperature. Intermittent cutting is an effective method to reduce cutting temperature and improve cutting quality. As a typical intermittent cutting method, traditional ultrasonic vibration cutting (traditional ultrasonic vibration cutting) and elliptical ultrasonic vibration cutting (Elliptical ultrasonic vibration cutting) have obtained remarkable processing advantages. But the critical speed of vibration cutting limits their application only in low speed cutting. Therefore, a new ultrasonic vibration cutting method is proposed, that is, high speed ultrasonic vibration cutting, in which the vibration direction of the cutting tool is parallel to the feed direction. When the cutting speed is far higher than the critical speed of UVC and EUVC, the tool and workpiece can still be separated under certain conditions. Therefore, the HUVC method realizes high speed cutting in macro and intermittent cutting in micro, and improves the machinability of titanium alloy. Firstly, the principle of HUVC method is given in this paper, and then the feasibility of high speed machining Ti-6Al-4V alloy is verified by a series of high speed machining experiments using conventional cutting CCS method and HUVC method. The experimental results show that the tool life of HUVC method can be increased by 300 because of the obvious decrease of tool wear. In addition, compared with CC method HUVC method, the cutting efficiency can be significantly increased by 90%, the cutting force is reduced by 50% and the surface quality is better in the continuous cutting process.
【作者单位】：北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院;中航工业哈尔滨东安发动机(集团)有限公司;
【基金】：2012年黑龙江省高新技术领域应用技术研究资助项目(GA12A402)
【分类号】：TG506.5

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