超高速磨削试验装备性能评价和优化

发布时间：2018-07-03 18:10

本文选题：超高速磨削 + 有限元　；参考：《南京航空航天大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：超高速磨削与普通磨削相比具有加工精度高、生产效率高和加工表面质量好等优点,超高速磨削是磨削技术发展的趋势,而要实现超高速磨削必须要以研制出性能良好的超高速磨床作为其前提和基础。针对本课题组目前研制的超高速磨削试验装备,本文以对现有机床性能评价和性能优化为目的通过有限元仿真和试验测试的方法分别对主轴系统、进给系统和整机结构进行了试验测试和仿真分析,对机床性能给出了评价,发现机床的薄弱环节并提出了相应的改进方案,提升了机床的整体性能。本文完成的主要工作及取得的成果如下:(1)采用Ansys Workbench有限元软件,建立了电主轴的三维有限元模型,并通过静刚度和静态锤击试验验证了仿真模型的可靠性。结果表明,电主轴具有很高的静刚度和固有频率,一阶临界转速远高于主轴最高转速,满足使用要求,研究了轴承预紧力对主轴静刚度和临界转速的影响规律。在此基础上对电主轴进行了高速运转测试,得到了不同速度下电主轴的功耗、温升、噪声和振动的变化规律,验证了电主轴高速情况下功耗、温升、噪声和振动符合工作要求。(2)通过试验对进给系统在不同速度下的响应效率、位置精度、速度跟踪和延迟特性评价指标和工作台的振动进行了分析,得到了进给系统几个性能指标都有比较高的水准并且高速进给时工作台振动较小;对3个方向的进给系统进行了定位精度检测和补偿。对直线电机进给系统进行了有限元仿真建模、模态分析和结合面参数识别,为整机分析奠定了基础。(3)基于自制超高速磨削试验装备整机有限元模型进行了静力分析、模态分析和谐响应分析,校核了整机静刚度和强度,找到整机的薄弱环节主要为砂轮和工作台;分别针对减小工作台和砂轮振动提出了改进建议。
[Abstract]:Compared with ordinary grinding, ultra-high speed grinding has the advantages of high machining precision, high production efficiency and good quality of machined surface, and super high speed grinding is the trend of grinding technology development. In order to realize super-high-speed grinding, it is necessary to develop a super-high-speed grinding machine with good performance as its premise and foundation. Aiming at the ultra-high speed grinding test equipment developed by our research group, this paper aims to evaluate and optimize the performance of the existing machine tools by means of finite element simulation and test. The feed system and the structure of the whole machine are tested and simulated. The performance of the machine tool is evaluated. The weak link of the machine tool is found and the corresponding improvement scheme is put forward to improve the overall performance of the machine tool. The main work and achievements are as follows: (1) the 3D finite element model of motorized spindle is established by using Ansys Workbench finite element software, and the reliability of the simulation model is verified by static stiffness and static hammer test. The results show that the motorized spindle has high static stiffness and natural frequency, and the first order critical speed is much higher than the maximum speed of spindle, which meets the requirements of application. The influence of bearing preload on the static stiffness and critical speed of spindle is studied. On this basis, the power consumption, temperature rise, noise and vibration of the motorized spindle are measured at high speed, and the power consumption and temperature rise of the motorized spindle at high speed are verified. Noise and vibration meet the requirements of the work. (2) the response efficiency, position accuracy, velocity tracking and delay characteristics of the feed system under different speeds and the vibration of the worktable are analyzed through experiments. It is obtained that several performance indexes of the feed system are of high level and the vibration of the table is small when the feed is high speed, and the positioning accuracy of the feed system in three directions is detected and compensated. Finite element simulation modeling, modal analysis and parameter identification of the interface of linear motor feed system are carried out. (3) static analysis is carried out on the finite element model of the whole machine based on self-made ultra-high speed grinding test equipment. Modal analysis and harmonic response analysis, check the static stiffness and strength of the whole machine, find that the main weak link of the whole machine is the grinding wheel and the table, and put forward the improvement suggestions for reducing the vibration of the table and wheel respectively.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG580.2

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