组分特性和溶剂对Ni基电磁屏蔽材料性能的影响
发布时间：2018-08-10 07:57
【摘要】：由于传统的金属屏蔽材料(如钢板)存在成本高、重量大、安装复杂等问题,不能满足日益增长的抑制电磁干扰,净化空间电磁环境的需求。因此新型电磁屏蔽材料越来越引起人们的研究。本论文通过改变新型电磁屏蔽材料中导电组分和溶剂材料,研究镍基高性能电磁屏蔽材料的性能随导电组分性质的改变的变化规律,为提高电磁屏蔽效能提供实验依据。得出主要结论如下:对复合材料来说,需先确定最佳的单一导电组分。通过对比实验,确定了镍粉组分的最佳粒度,分析镍粉粒度对导电填料型复合电磁屏蔽材料的影响及产生此影响的原因。通过不断增加镍粉的含量,根据电阻及屏蔽效能的多方面判断,最终确定了单一导电组分镍粉与高分子聚合物的最佳比例,计算了电阻与屏蔽效能之间的关系。本文发现,从镍粉尺寸上分析,镍粉尺寸越小,其在高分子树脂中溶解越充分,导电网络形成的越完善;从镍粉比例上分析,屏蔽效能并不是随着镍粉比例增加呈单调增加趋势,而是达到最佳比例之后,会呈显著的下降趋势。研究二甲苯、乙酸乙酯和丙酮作为溶剂材料对导电填料型复合电磁屏蔽材料表面电阻和屏蔽效能的影响规律。并从溶剂的材料特性分析了形成这种差别的主要原因。分析的结果表明,在以丙烯酸树脂为基体材料时,这三种溶液均可作为丙烯酸树脂的溶剂材料来调整电磁屏蔽涂料的粘度。但是,喷涂后得到的电磁屏蔽涂层的屏蔽效能却有很大的差别。针对溶剂的研究,本文发现溶剂的介电常数对屏蔽效能有重要的影响。其中介电常数最大的丙酮作为溶剂时,电磁屏蔽效能最差。二甲苯作为溶剂使用,具有最佳的电磁屏蔽效能,并且其体积分数的变化不影响涂层的电磁屏蔽效能。乙酸乙酯作为溶剂使用,对涂层电磁屏蔽效能的影响比较复杂,需要对流动性和成膜性进行综合分析。最后,在镍基导电组分的基础上,采用FeNi、NiZn及聚苯胺等材料制备复合组分,通过正交实验,分析了每种导电组分对屏蔽效能的影响,并从多方面综合分析了屏蔽材料的屏蔽效能,导电组分的比例对低频及高频阶段的不同屏蔽效能具有重要的影响。确定最优化导电组分之后,再次进行实验观察最终屏蔽效能达到理想效果。
[Abstract]:Because of the problems of high cost, heavy weight and complicated installation, the traditional metal shielding materials (such as steel plate) can not meet the increasing demand of restraining electromagnetic interference and purifying the space electromagnetic environment. Therefore, new electromagnetic shielding materials have attracted more and more attention. By changing the conductive components and solvent materials of the new electromagnetic shielding materials, this paper studies the change of the properties of the nickel based high performance electromagnetic shielding materials with the change of the conductive component properties, and provides the experimental basis for improving the electromagnetic shielding efficiency. The main conclusions are as follows: for composite materials, the best single conductive component should be determined. The optimum particle size of nickel powder was determined by contrast experiments. The effect of nickel powder particle size on conductive filler composite electromagnetic shielding material and the reasons for the effect were analyzed. By increasing the content of nickel powder and judging the resistance and shielding efficiency, the optimum proportion of single conductive component nickel powder and polymer was determined, and the relationship between resistance and shielding efficiency was calculated. It is found in this paper that the smaller the nickel powder size is, the more fully it dissolves in the polymer resin, and the more perfect the conductive network is, the more the ratio of nickel powder to nickel powder is analyzed. Shielding efficiency does not increase monotonously with the increase of nickel powder ratio, but decreases significantly when the optimum ratio is reached. The effects of xylene ethyl acetate and acetone as solvent materials on the surface resistance and shielding efficiency of conductive filler composite electromagnetic shielding materials were studied. The main reasons for the difference were analyzed from the material properties of the solvent. The results show that when acrylic resin is used as base material, these three solutions can be used as solvent materials of acrylic resin to adjust the viscosity of electromagnetic shielding coating. However, the shielding efficiency of the electromagnetic shielding coating after spraying is quite different. It is found that the dielectric constant of the solvent has an important effect on the shielding efficiency. When acetone with the largest dielectric constant is used as solvent, the electromagnetic shielding efficiency is the worst. When xylene is used as solvent, it has the best electromagnetic shielding efficiency, and the change of its volume fraction does not affect the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the coating. The effect of ethyl acetate as a solvent on the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the coating is complex, so the fluidity and film-forming properties of the coating need to be comprehensively analyzed. Finally, on the basis of the nickel base conductive components, the composite components were prepared by FeNiNiZn and Polyaniline materials. The effects of each conductive component on the shielding efficiency were analyzed by orthogonal experiment, and the shielding effectiveness of the shielding materials was comprehensively analyzed from many aspects. The proportion of conductive components has an important effect on the shielding efficiency at low frequency and high frequency. After the optimum conductive component is determined, the shielding effectiveness is finally achieved through the experimental observation.
【学位授予单位】：安徽工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG132.2
本文编号：2175445
[Abstract]:Because of the problems of high cost, heavy weight and complicated installation, the traditional metal shielding materials (such as steel plate) can not meet the increasing demand of restraining electromagnetic interference and purifying the space electromagnetic environment. Therefore, new electromagnetic shielding materials have attracted more and more attention. By changing the conductive components and solvent materials of the new electromagnetic shielding materials, this paper studies the change of the properties of the nickel based high performance electromagnetic shielding materials with the change of the conductive component properties, and provides the experimental basis for improving the electromagnetic shielding efficiency. The main conclusions are as follows: for composite materials, the best single conductive component should be determined. The optimum particle size of nickel powder was determined by contrast experiments. The effect of nickel powder particle size on conductive filler composite electromagnetic shielding material and the reasons for the effect were analyzed. By increasing the content of nickel powder and judging the resistance and shielding efficiency, the optimum proportion of single conductive component nickel powder and polymer was determined, and the relationship between resistance and shielding efficiency was calculated. It is found in this paper that the smaller the nickel powder size is, the more fully it dissolves in the polymer resin, and the more perfect the conductive network is, the more the ratio of nickel powder to nickel powder is analyzed. Shielding efficiency does not increase monotonously with the increase of nickel powder ratio, but decreases significantly when the optimum ratio is reached. The effects of xylene ethyl acetate and acetone as solvent materials on the surface resistance and shielding efficiency of conductive filler composite electromagnetic shielding materials were studied. The main reasons for the difference were analyzed from the material properties of the solvent. The results show that when acrylic resin is used as base material, these three solutions can be used as solvent materials of acrylic resin to adjust the viscosity of electromagnetic shielding coating. However, the shielding efficiency of the electromagnetic shielding coating after spraying is quite different. It is found that the dielectric constant of the solvent has an important effect on the shielding efficiency. When acetone with the largest dielectric constant is used as solvent, the electromagnetic shielding efficiency is the worst. When xylene is used as solvent, it has the best electromagnetic shielding efficiency, and the change of its volume fraction does not affect the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the coating. The effect of ethyl acetate as a solvent on the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the coating is complex, so the fluidity and film-forming properties of the coating need to be comprehensively analyzed. Finally, on the basis of the nickel base conductive components, the composite components were prepared by FeNiNiZn and Polyaniline materials. The effects of each conductive component on the shielding efficiency were analyzed by orthogonal experiment, and the shielding effectiveness of the shielding materials was comprehensively analyzed from many aspects. The proportion of conductive components has an important effect on the shielding efficiency at low frequency and high frequency. After the optimum conductive component is determined, the shielding effectiveness is finally achieved through the experimental observation.
【学位授予单位】：安徽工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG132.2
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