激光复合成形零件尺寸精度控制的实验研究

发布时间：2018-08-10 16:33

【摘要】：激光成形薄壁件时,会因为熔覆件表面凹凸不平或挂渣现象影响成形件的表面精度甚至后续成形无法完成,针对这种情况,基于"增材制造"和"减材加工"的思路,提出了激光复合精确成形的方法,利用激光熔覆、表面形貌测量和激光铣削相结合,实现了成形高度表面和侧面精度的实时调控。其中,熔覆件表面三维宏观形貌测量是激光复合成形新方法中承上启下的重要环节,在以往的研究中,大多注重表面测量结果的分析,并没有使表面测量结果能被铣削加工直接利用,重点进行数据可视化软件的自主开发设计和尺寸精度的闭环控制功能实现。首先,系统通过高速轮廓仪与二维运动平台测量熔覆件表面形貌来采集数据;然后通过MATLAB初处理,获得表面高点和侧面凸点的大概范围;最后利用数据可视化处理软件,处理熔覆件凸点和高点,得到尺寸大小与熔覆件相同且能直接被激光铣削软件利用的图片文件。试验结果表明,处理得到的图片尺寸大小与实物一致,通过预览显示精确度很高,能被激光铣削软件直接利用;根据处理图片,激光设备可有效铣削高点和凸点区域,精度可达5μm,减少了熔覆件表面和侧面存在挂渣及层与层之间的台阶效应,完成熔覆件的三维精确铣削。
[Abstract]:In laser forming of thin-walled parts, the surface precision or even the subsequent forming can not be completed because the surface of cladding parts is uneven or slagging. In view of this situation, based on the idea of "material increasing manufacture" and "reducing material processing", The method of laser composite precise forming is proposed. The laser cladding, surface topography measurement and laser milling are combined to realize the real-time control of the surface and side accuracy of the forming height. Among them, the measurement of surface 3D macroscopic morphology of cladding parts is an important link in the new method of laser composite forming. In the past research, most of them pay attention to the analysis of surface measurement results. The surface measurement results can not be directly used in milling. The data visualization software is developed and designed independently and the closed-loop control function of dimension precision is realized. Firstly, the system collects data by measuring the surface morphology of cladding by high-speed profilometer and two-dimensional motion platform; then, through MATLAB initial processing, the approximate range of surface high point and side convex point is obtained; finally, the data visualization processing software is used. By processing the bumps and the high points of the cladding parts, the size of the cladding parts is the same as that of the cladding parts and can be directly used by the laser milling software. The experimental results show that the size of the processed image is the same as that of the object, and the precision of the preview display is very high and can be used directly by the laser milling software. According to the processing of the picture, the laser equipment can effectively milling the high point and convex spot area. The precision is up to 5 渭 m, which reduces the effect of slag hanging on the surface and side of the cladding and the step effect between the layers, and completes the 3D precise milling of the cladding.
【作者单位】：苏州大学机电工程学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(项目编号:51205266) 江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(项目编号:BK20151194) 江苏省精密与微细制造技术重点实验室开放基金资助项目
【分类号】：TG665

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