铍铝合金的制备工艺与应用进展

发布时间：2018-09-14 11:52

【摘要】：铍铝合金具有质量轻、比强度高、比刚度高、热稳定性好、高韧性、抗腐蚀等许多优点,是一种重要的结构材料,被广泛应用于航空航天、计算机、汽车等工业。铍和铝金属之间没有任何金属间化合物生成,且相互固溶的能力极低,实质上是纯铍和纯铝的金属基复合材料。铍铝合金制备方法多采用精密铸造技术、粉末冶金和粉末冷等静压+压力加工方法制造,前者具有生产成本低的优点,后两者力学性能优于前者,但成本较高。本文综述了铍铝合金的特点,铍铝合金的铸造、粉末冶金、挤压/轧制/锻造产品性能和应用领域。评述了铍铝合金铸造过程中不同添加元素的作用,介绍了铍铝合金的焊接方法和性能。最后,分析了我国在铍铝合金研究方面存在的问题和对策,展望了我国铍铝合金的发展前景。
[Abstract]:Beryllium aluminum alloy has many advantages such as light weight, high specific strength, high specific stiffness, good thermal stability, high toughness, corrosion resistance and so on. It is an important structural material and widely used in aerospace, computer, automobile and other industries. There is no intermetallic compound formed between beryllium and aluminum, and the ability of solution to each other is very low. In essence, it is a pure beryllium and aluminum metal matrix composite. The preparation methods of beryllium aluminum alloy are mainly made of precision casting technology, powder metallurgy and powder cold isostatic pressure processing. The former has the advantages of low production cost, the latter two have better mechanical properties than the former, but the cost is high. In this paper, the characteristics of beryllium aluminum alloy, casting of beryllium aluminum alloy, powder metallurgy, extrusion / rolling / forging product properties and application fields are reviewed. The effect of different addition elements in the casting process of beryllium aluminum alloy was reviewed. The welding methods and properties of beryllium aluminum alloy were introduced. Finally, the problems and countermeasures in the research of beryllium aluminum alloy in China are analyzed, and the development prospect of beryllium aluminum alloy in China is prospected.
【作者单位】：西北稀有金属材料研究院稀有金属特种材料国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(51474177) 宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金项目(NZ14265;NZ15253;NZ16246)资助
【分类号】：TG146.24

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