椭球面类零件的数控加工技术研究

发布时间：2018-09-14 11:47

【摘要】：近年来,现代制造业不断升级,而且数控技术也逐步发展完善,目前已经几乎全面普及了三轴联动数控加工技术。但传统的三轴数控加工不能解决一些复杂的零件。本课题研究的椭球面类零件,叶轮轴和叶片零件是典型的运用多轴联动的数控加工技术。因此,根据目前的实际状况,加工过程有难度,需要从材料、装夹、刀具、加工工艺等比较详细地进行分析。首先,必须对这些零件进行零件图工艺分析,在此基础上充分的对其进行工艺结构分析,才可以更加明确具体地确定技术要求,才能够选择更为合适的加工方法,进而对合理的工艺流程进行拟定,最终实施加工,这样的方式才可以将经济性、生产率以及质量之间的统一性充分体现出来。其次,根据NURBS曲线的相关原理,建立了NURBS曲线插补方式的数学模型,进而实现了动态变步长的自适应插补方式,不仅满足了机床的误差需求,而且还对零件以最大化进给速度进行插补加工,最终极大地优化了插补速度与精度,使得加工效率与质量都得到了大幅度提升。最后,按照建立的复杂零件插补计算的数学模型,采用手工编程和软件自动编程的方式对算法进行验证,从而验证了算法的可行性。对此类零件的加工虽然只是数控加工中的很小一部分,但能否高效、高质量的将椭球面零件加工出来,会体现出加工技术的高低。现特针对椭球面类零件的数控加工技术进行研究,从而在数控综合加工技术方面有所提高。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the modern manufacturing industry has been continuously upgraded, and the NC technology has been gradually developed and perfected. At present, the three-axis linkage NC machining technology has been almost popularized. But traditional three-axis NC machining can not solve some complicated parts. The ellipsoid parts, blade shaft and blade parts studied in this paper are typical multi-axis NC machining technology. Therefore, according to the actual situation, the machining process is difficult, need to be analyzed in detail from materials, clamping, cutting tools, processing technology and so on. First of all, we must do part drawing process analysis to these parts, on the basis of which we can make a full analysis of the process structure, then we can determine the technical requirements more clearly and concretely, and then we can choose a more suitable processing method. Then the reasonable technological process is drawn up and the final processing is carried out, so that the unity of economy, productivity and quality can be fully reflected. Secondly, according to the related principle of NURBS curve, the mathematical model of NURBS curve interpolation is established, and the adaptive interpolation method of dynamic variable step is realized, which not only meets the error requirement of machine tool, but also meets the need of machine tool error. Finally, the interpolation speed and precision are optimized greatly, and the machining efficiency and quality are greatly improved. Finally, according to the mathematical model of the interpolation calculation of complex parts, the algorithm is verified by manual programming and software automatic programming, which verifies the feasibility of the algorithm. Although the machining of this kind of parts is only a very small part of NC machining, whether the ellipsoid parts can be processed efficiently and high-quality will reflect the level of machining technology. In this paper, the numerical control machining technology of ellipsoid parts is studied, so that the NC integrated machining technology is improved.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG659

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