五轴机床RTCP运动姿态及刀尖点误差同步测量系统研究
发布时间：2018-10-12 20:44
【摘要】：运动精度作为一项评判数控机床综合性能的重要指标,也在很大程度上对零件的加工质量起决定性作用。相较于试件切削法,仪器检测法能够更加高效、便捷地对机床运动精度进行检测,广泛应用于数控机床验收及日常维护中。但是,随着五轴数控机床的普及,传统检测仪器的局限性和繁琐性日益显现。RTCP(Rotation Tool Center Point)功能是高档五轴数控机床的必备功能,其主要目的是提高数控编程效率和减小由旋转轴引起的非线性运动误差。该功能开启时,可通过后置指令控制机床刀尖点在工件坐标系中相对静止,而刀轴矢量沿指定轨迹运动,使得平动轴和旋转轴均参与联动且运动范围较大。基于该特点发展起来的RTCP误差测量方法因待测范围缩小而提高了测量精度,且一次安装即可获取三维运动误差而使得效率更高。但是该测量方式无法准确获得与运动误差对应的各轴位移信息,导致后续的机床误差溯源和补偿精度难以提高。为了解决这一问题,本文进行了如下研究:1、分析机床RTCP误差测量方式中同时获取运动误差和各轴位置信息所导致的时延缺陷,结合RTCP功能开启时各轴间运动位置的约束关系提出一种同步测量方法,设计配套的同步采集系统解决方案,并论证其合理性。2、根据功能需求以及技术指标,完成系统详细设计和关键器件选型。在分析半桥电感测头工作原理的基础上,完成基于AD698调理电路的设计和制作调试,并进一步对其静态特性进行标定;完成编码器倍频鉴相电路的设计和制作调试,并编写相应的CPLD倍频程序。在此基础上实现采集系统硬件部分的集成。3、以LabVIEW作为开发平台,在软件需求分析及总体设计的基础上完成采集应用程序的编写,其功能主要包括测试前的设备调试、由机床主轴启动触发的多通道同步采集、数据前处理及实时存储和结果显示。人机界面简洁、友好,最后的“误差-位移”曲线可为机床误差溯源和补偿提供依据。4、针对同步测量系统能否实现五轴机床刀尖点误差及运动姿态的同步测量及其相对于传统测量方式的优势,本文设计并完成了基于五轴数控机床的对比实验,验证了该系统的基本功能、同步性及测量结果的准确性。
[Abstract]:As an important index to evaluate the comprehensive performance of NC machine tools, motion accuracy also plays a decisive role in the machining quality of parts to a great extent. Compared with the sample cutting method, the instrument detection method is more efficient and convenient to detect the movement accuracy of the machine tool, and is widely used in the acceptance and daily maintenance of the NC machine tool. However, with the popularization of five-axis CNC machine tool, the limitation and triviality of traditional testing instrument increasingly show that. RTCP (Rotation Tool Center Point) function is the essential function of high-grade five-axis CNC machine tool. The main purpose is to improve the efficiency of NC programming and reduce the nonlinear motion error caused by rotation axis. When the function is turned on, the tip point of the machine tool can be controlled to rest relatively in the workpiece coordinate system by post instruction, and the vector of the tool shaft moves along the specified trajectory, which makes both the translation axis and the rotation axis take part in the linkage and the motion range is large. The RTCP error measurement method developed based on this feature improves the measurement accuracy because of the reduction of the range to be tested, and the three-dimensional motion error can be obtained by one installation, which makes the efficiency higher. However, the measurement method can not accurately obtain the displacement information corresponding to the motion error, which leads to the error tracing and compensation accuracy of the subsequent machine tool is difficult to improve. In order to solve this problem, the following researches are carried out in this paper: 1. The time delay defects caused by the simultaneous acquisition of motion error and position information of each axis in the RTCP error measurement method of machine tools are analyzed. Combined with the constraint relation of the moving position between the axes when the RTCP function is opened, a synchronous measuring method is proposed, and the corresponding solution of the synchronous acquisition system is designed, and its rationality is demonstrated. 2. According to the function requirement and the technical index, the method of measuring synchronously is put forward. Complete the system detailed design and key device selection. Based on the analysis of the working principle of the half-bridge inductance probe, the design and debugging of the regulating circuit based on AD698 are completed, and the static characteristics of the circuit are calibrated, and the design and debugging of the frequency doubling circuit of the encoder are completed. And write the corresponding CPLD frequency doubling program. On this basis, the hardware part of the acquisition system is integrated. 3. With LabVIEW as the development platform, the acquisition application program is compiled on the basis of the software requirement analysis and the overall design. Its functions mainly include the debugging of the equipment before testing. Multi-channel synchronous acquisition, data pre-processing, real-time storage and result display triggered by machine tool spindle. Simple man-machine interface, friendly, Finally, the "error-displacement" curve can provide the basis for the error tracing and compensation of machine tools. 4. In view of whether the synchronous measurement system can realize synchronous measurement of tool tip error and motion attitude of five-axis machine tool and its advantages over traditional measurement methods, In this paper, a comparative experiment based on 5-axis NC machine tool is designed and completed, which verifies the basic function, synchronicity and accuracy of the measurement results of the system.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG659
本文编号：2267537
[Abstract]:As an important index to evaluate the comprehensive performance of NC machine tools, motion accuracy also plays a decisive role in the machining quality of parts to a great extent. Compared with the sample cutting method, the instrument detection method is more efficient and convenient to detect the movement accuracy of the machine tool, and is widely used in the acceptance and daily maintenance of the NC machine tool. However, with the popularization of five-axis CNC machine tool, the limitation and triviality of traditional testing instrument increasingly show that. RTCP (Rotation Tool Center Point) function is the essential function of high-grade five-axis CNC machine tool. The main purpose is to improve the efficiency of NC programming and reduce the nonlinear motion error caused by rotation axis. When the function is turned on, the tip point of the machine tool can be controlled to rest relatively in the workpiece coordinate system by post instruction, and the vector of the tool shaft moves along the specified trajectory, which makes both the translation axis and the rotation axis take part in the linkage and the motion range is large. The RTCP error measurement method developed based on this feature improves the measurement accuracy because of the reduction of the range to be tested, and the three-dimensional motion error can be obtained by one installation, which makes the efficiency higher. However, the measurement method can not accurately obtain the displacement information corresponding to the motion error, which leads to the error tracing and compensation accuracy of the subsequent machine tool is difficult to improve. In order to solve this problem, the following researches are carried out in this paper: 1. The time delay defects caused by the simultaneous acquisition of motion error and position information of each axis in the RTCP error measurement method of machine tools are analyzed. Combined with the constraint relation of the moving position between the axes when the RTCP function is opened, a synchronous measuring method is proposed, and the corresponding solution of the synchronous acquisition system is designed, and its rationality is demonstrated. 2. According to the function requirement and the technical index, the method of measuring synchronously is put forward. Complete the system detailed design and key device selection. Based on the analysis of the working principle of the half-bridge inductance probe, the design and debugging of the regulating circuit based on AD698 are completed, and the static characteristics of the circuit are calibrated, and the design and debugging of the frequency doubling circuit of the encoder are completed. And write the corresponding CPLD frequency doubling program. On this basis, the hardware part of the acquisition system is integrated. 3. With LabVIEW as the development platform, the acquisition application program is compiled on the basis of the software requirement analysis and the overall design. Its functions mainly include the debugging of the equipment before testing. Multi-channel synchronous acquisition, data pre-processing, real-time storage and result display triggered by machine tool spindle. Simple man-machine interface, friendly, Finally, the "error-displacement" curve can provide the basis for the error tracing and compensation of machine tools. 4. In view of whether the synchronous measurement system can realize synchronous measurement of tool tip error and motion attitude of five-axis machine tool and its advantages over traditional measurement methods, In this paper, a comparative experiment based on 5-axis NC machine tool is designed and completed, which verifies the basic function, synchronicity and accuracy of the measurement results of the system.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG659
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