铜熔体覆盖保护与熔炼损耗机制研究

发布时间：2018-10-25 18:40

【摘要】：针对铜熔炼时覆盖剂(木炭)消耗大、金属损耗高、熔体污染重的种种问题,采用高温电阻炉,在氮气气氛下制备无氧铜样品,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等表征手段,对无氧铜在固体氧化铝膜覆盖剂、硼砂-冰晶石覆盖剂、硼砂-炭黑覆盖剂等保护条件下熔炼形成的炉渣结构、组成、形貌、渣中含铜量、物相形貌与金属损失规律进行研究,揭示了不同覆盖剂对铜熔体和渣成分的影响,为研究降低铜熔炼金属损耗和木炭消耗提供了理论支撑。通过XRD表征得出:无覆盖剂与固体氧化铝膜覆盖剂形成的熔炼渣物相均为CuO,Cu_2O,硼砂+冰晶石覆盖剂形成的熔炼渣由CuF_2,Cu_2O,Cu(OH)_2,Na_3AlF_6等物相组成,硼砂+炭黑覆盖剂形成的熔炼渣的物相主要为硼砂、Al_2O_3、CuO和固体碳。通过SEM表征得出:不同组分的覆盖剂对纯铜熔炼均具有保护作用,熔炼渣的物相、渣中金属损失随组分方案不同而不同。其中,硼砂-炭黑熔炼渣含有很高的铜,金属损失较大。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problems of large consumption of covering agent (charcoal), high metal loss and heavy melt pollution in copper smelting, oxygen free copper samples were prepared by high temperature resistance furnace in nitrogen atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD),) was used to prepare the samples. The slag structure, composition, morphology and copper content in solid alumina film covering agent, borax cryolite covering agent, borax and carbon black covering agent were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and (SEM). The effects of different covering agents on the composition of copper melt and slag were studied, which provided theoretical support for the study of reducing metal loss and charcoal consumption in copper smelting. By XRD characterization, it was found that the phase of smelting slag formed by covering agent and solid alumina membrane covering agent was CuO,Cu_2O, borax cryolite covering agent, which was formed by CuF_2,Cu_2O,Cu (OH) _ 2. Na_3AlF_6 and other phases, borax, Al_2O_3,CuO and solid carbon are the main phases of smelting slag formed by borax carbon black covering agent. By SEM characterization, it was found that the covering agent with different components had protective effect on pure copper smelting, and the phase of slag and metal loss in slag varied with different component schemes. Among them, borax-carbon black smelting slag contains very high copper, metal loss.
【作者单位】：新疆大学物理科学与技术学院;西安交通大学能源动力与工程学院;
【基金】：新疆维吾尔自治区科技厅高技术发展计划项目(201515106) 国家自然科学基金项目(51661031;11264037)资助
【分类号】：TG291

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