金属构件残余应力测量技术进展

发布时间：2018-12-07 16:18

【摘要】：残余应力是消除外力或不均匀的温度场等作用后仍留在物体内的自相平衡的内应力,对构件的力学性能有显著影响,会引起零件发生翘曲或扭曲变形,甚至开裂,定量测量残余应力数值对改变构件疲劳寿命,预防构件发生脆性破坏具有重要意义。国内外对残余应力测量进行了深入的研究,提出了多种测试方法。详细介绍了有损及无损残余应力测量技术的测量原理及国内外目前研究现状,分析总结了影响测试精度的主要因素及改进方法;调研了目前市场上较先进的仪器设备及其供应厂家;针对盲孔法孔周围塑形变形及钻孔偏心、压痕法塑性区域半径、X射线衍射法试样内部显微组织结构、中子法零点漂移、超声波法测量尺寸带来的误差的重要改进技术;并对残余应力测量技术发展方向进行了展望。
[Abstract]:Residual stress is the self-equilibrium internal stress which is still in the body after the action of external force or inhomogeneous temperature field, which has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the member, and will cause warping, distortion and even cracking of the parts. Quantitative measurement of residual stress is of great significance in changing fatigue life and preventing brittle failure. The measurement of residual stress has been studied deeply at home and abroad, and many measuring methods have been put forward. In this paper, the measuring principle and research status of lossy and nondestructive residual stress measurement technology are introduced in detail, and the main factors affecting the measurement accuracy and the improvement methods are analyzed and summarized. Investigated the more advanced instruments and equipment in the market and their suppliers; Aiming at the plastic deformation around the blind hole and the hole eccentricity, the plastic radius of the indentation method, the microstructure of the sample in the X-ray diffraction method, the drift of the zero point of the neutron method, and the important improvement technology of the measurement error caused by the ultrasonic method; The development trend of residual stress measurement technology is prospected.
【作者单位】：南昌大学材料科学与工程学院;南昌大学江西省轻质高强结构材料重点实验室;南昌大学江西省近净成形重点实验室;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划(2016YFB0701201,2016YFB0701203,2017YFB1103701) 国家自然科学基金(51671101,51464034,51062003,11564025) 江西省自然科学基金(20161ACB21003,20132BAB202010,2010GZW0016) 江西省教育厅重点计划(GJJ150010)项目资助
【分类号】：TG115.5

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