异形螺杆车床数控系统的研究

发布时间：2019-01-03 13:40

【摘要】：螺杆是重要的工业零件,在石油、制冷、橡塑、医疗等众多领域内的应用非常普及。由于使用环境和功能不同,使得螺杆的形状和大小差别悬殊,形成了多种多样形状复杂的异形螺杆。异形螺杆的形状多为变导程、变槽深、变螺棱宽、变底径和变螺纹升角等,它可以是其中的一种也可以是多种的组合。随着螺旋曲面螺杆使用领域的不断扩大,异形螺杆的使用目的有很大的不同,而且螺旋曲面的成形机理各异,其型线也多种多样,致使加工异形螺杆十分困难,特别是在提高异形螺杆的生产效率和品质方面。现在国内大多数螺杆加工企业整体生产技术落后,异形螺杆在实际加工过程中切削状态不稳定,刀具磨损严重,加工成本较高,表面精度远达不到要求。针对现有异形螺杆加工工艺和方法的不足,本文在研究异形螺杆的形状特点、数学模型和数控加工原理的基础上,设计了一个专用于异形螺杆加工的开放式车床数控系统。该系统硬件以工控机(IPC)为基础,以GTS运动控制器为核心,确立了IPC+GTS运动控制器的体系结构,实现了资源的合理配置,能够完成异形螺杆的参数输入、插补计算、程序译码解释、伺服控制、系统管理等多种任务。系统软件采用面向对象和模块化的编程技术,在Visual Studio 2012编程环境下开发了人机交互界面。本课题研发的整个系统软硬件功能实现了模块化划分,能够加工出几种不同型线的异形螺杆。实验结果表明:异形螺杆的几何参数达到了预期的结果,并且有较好的加工效率和表面质量,具有一定的实用价值。
[Abstract]:Screw is an important industrial component. It is widely used in many fields, such as petroleum, refrigeration, rubber and plastics, medicine and so on. Because of the different operating environment and function, the shape and size of the screw are different, and many kinds of complex shaped screw are formed. The shape of special-shaped screw is variable lead, groove depth, screw width, bottom diameter and screw thread angle, etc. It can be one of them or a variety of combinations. With the continuous expansion of the field of use of the helical curved screw, the purpose of using the special-shaped screw is very different, and the forming mechanism of the helical surface is different, and its profile is also varied, which makes it very difficult to process the special-shaped screw. Especially in improving the production efficiency and quality of special-shaped screw. At present, the whole production technology of most screw processing enterprises in China is backward, the cutting state of special-shaped screw is unstable in the actual machining process, the tool wear is serious, the machining cost is high, and the surface precision is far from the requirement. In view of the deficiency of the existing processing technology and method of special-shaped screw, this paper designs an open lathe NC system specially for special-shaped screw machining on the basis of studying the shape characteristic, mathematical model and NC machining principle of special-shaped screw. The hardware of the system is based on the industrial control computer (IPC) and the GTS motion controller is the core. The system structure of the IPC GTS motion controller is established, and the reasonable allocation of resources is realized. The parameter input and interpolation calculation of the special-shaped screw can be completed. Program decoding interpretation, servo control, system management and other tasks. The system software adopts the object-oriented and modular programming technology, and develops the man-machine interactive interface under the Visual Studio 2012 programming environment. The software and hardware functions of the whole system are divided into modules and several kinds of special-shaped screw with different profiles can be manufactured. The experimental results show that the geometric parameters of the special-shaped screw have achieved the expected results, and have good processing efficiency and surface quality, and have certain practical value.
【学位授予单位】：河南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG519.1

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