湖南省某机械制造企业铸造车间生产事故统计分析与安全评价
发布时间：2019-01-08 10:07
【摘要】：铸造生产过程的危险性较大,生产工序繁复,机械化水平较低。环境恶劣,工人体力作业多,文化素质有限。铸造生产过程因其行业特点,涉及的危险有害因素具有一定的特殊性,在一定条件下容易触发转化为事故,从而危及从业人员的生命安全,造成企业的财产损失。本文搜集整理了湖南省某机械制造企业铸造车间在1959-2016年期间发生的156起事故。并分别从事故总体情况、事故严重程度分布、事故所属类型、事故作业过程、事故所处活动阶段、重伤以上事故类型、事故主要原因、伤亡人员性别、年龄、伤害部位、操作工种、事故发生时期等角度为切入点进行了统计分析。对统计分析结果进行了专项总结,找出了在铸造企业发生事故的普遍规律,并以此为依据制定了相应的安全对策。同时,本文构建了安全评价模型:先应用层次分析-模糊综合评价法评价铸造车间的原始安全状况,再将预先危险性分析与作业条件危险性分析两种方法结合,针对企业铸造车间生产实际建立了“铸造车间危险有害因素辨识和风险评价表”,制定并实施了安全对策,最后应用层次分析-模糊综合评价法对实施效果进行评价,得到经过安全改善后的铸造车间安全程度的结论。本论文搜集的事故数据跨年度57年,通过统计分析得出了在铸造生产过程中应予以关注的事故防范点。构建的安全评价模型经实践验证也是可行的。研究结果对铸造生产安全管理和评价工作有一定的指导作用,对研究人员查找铸造企业事故规律,和其他领域安全工作及事故防范研究也有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:The risk of foundry production process is great, the production procedure is complicated and the mechanization level is low. The environment is abominable, the worker physical work many, the cultural quality is limited. Because of the characteristics of the foundry industry, the dangerous and harmful factors involved in the foundry production process have certain particularities, which can easily be triggered into accidents under certain conditions, thus endangering the life safety of the employees and causing property losses in the enterprises. In this paper, 156 accidents occurred in the foundry workshop of a mechanical manufacturing enterprise in Hunan Province from 1959 to 2016 were collected and sorted. And respectively from the overall situation of the accident, the distribution of the severity of the accident, the type of accident, the operation process of the accident, the active stage of the accident, the type of accident above the serious injury, the main causes of the accident, the sex, age and location of the injured person, Operator type, accident occurrence period and other angles for the breakthrough point of statistical analysis. This paper summarizes the statistical analysis results, finds out the general rules of accidents in foundry enterprises, and draws up the corresponding safety countermeasures based on them. At the same time, the safety evaluation model is constructed in this paper: firstly, the original safety condition of foundry workshop is evaluated by the method of AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and then the two methods of pre-hazard analysis and working condition risk analysis are combined. In view of the actual production of foundry workshop, the paper establishes the "risk assessment table and identification of dangerous and harmful factors in foundry workshop", formulates and implements the safety countermeasures, and finally evaluates the effect of the implementation by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The conclusion of safety degree of foundry workshop after safety improvement is obtained. The accident data collected in this paper span 57 years. Through statistical analysis, the accident prevention points that should be paid attention to in the process of foundry production are obtained. The safety evaluation model is proved to be feasible by practice. The results can be used as a guide to the management and evaluation of foundry production safety, and also have some reference value for the researchers to find out the accident law of foundry enterprises, and to study safety work and accident prevention in other fields.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG28
[Abstract]:The risk of foundry production process is great, the production procedure is complicated and the mechanization level is low. The environment is abominable, the worker physical work many, the cultural quality is limited. Because of the characteristics of the foundry industry, the dangerous and harmful factors involved in the foundry production process have certain particularities, which can easily be triggered into accidents under certain conditions, thus endangering the life safety of the employees and causing property losses in the enterprises. In this paper, 156 accidents occurred in the foundry workshop of a mechanical manufacturing enterprise in Hunan Province from 1959 to 2016 were collected and sorted. And respectively from the overall situation of the accident, the distribution of the severity of the accident, the type of accident, the operation process of the accident, the active stage of the accident, the type of accident above the serious injury, the main causes of the accident, the sex, age and location of the injured person, Operator type, accident occurrence period and other angles for the breakthrough point of statistical analysis. This paper summarizes the statistical analysis results, finds out the general rules of accidents in foundry enterprises, and draws up the corresponding safety countermeasures based on them. At the same time, the safety evaluation model is constructed in this paper: firstly, the original safety condition of foundry workshop is evaluated by the method of AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and then the two methods of pre-hazard analysis and working condition risk analysis are combined. In view of the actual production of foundry workshop, the paper establishes the "risk assessment table and identification of dangerous and harmful factors in foundry workshop", formulates and implements the safety countermeasures, and finally evaluates the effect of the implementation by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The conclusion of safety degree of foundry workshop after safety improvement is obtained. The accident data collected in this paper span 57 years. Through statistical analysis, the accident prevention points that should be paid attention to in the process of foundry production are obtained. The safety evaluation model is proved to be feasible by practice. The results can be used as a guide to the management and evaluation of foundry production safety, and also have some reference value for the researchers to find out the accident law of foundry enterprises, and to study safety work and accident prevention in other fields.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG28
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