电主轴综合性能测试技术研究

发布时间：2019-05-16 13:44

【摘要】：主轴部件是高档数控机床的重要功能部件,对其性能进行检测和分析,找出其中的不足之处并进行优化改进,是保证整机良好性能和可靠性的基础,对提高机床加工精度具有重要的指导意义。为了找出主轴部件的薄弱环节,提升其性能和质量,对主轴部件展开测试技术研究。首先,分析影响主轴性能及工作精度的关键因素,确定性能评价参数。又结合国家检测标准,提出分析测试方法,建立一套较为完整的主轴部件综合性能检测规范。为了解高速电主轴的动态特性,对基于高速电主轴单元-主轴箱体结合面特性的电主轴进行仿真分析得到它的动刚度、固有频率和振型。采用方便快捷的锤击法验证分析方法的合理性和有效性,为主轴产品的设计分析以及下一步的测试平台搭建提供理论依据。依据检测规范和分析结果,设计出适用于不同规格、不同结构的主轴测试平台,并自主研发了与测试平台相匹配的测试软件。同时,对测试平台的龙门架结构进行模态分析与静力学分析,结果表明能够满足试验要求。整个测试系统具有数据采集、传送、处理、评价及输出功能,可以对主轴部件的刚度、回转精度、温度、噪声、振动等性能参数进行在线实时测量和分析,实现主轴功能部件性能测试的集成化与自动化。以青海华鼎装备制造有限公司生产的GZ35000型电主轴为例,对测试系统进行试验验证,证明该系统具有通用性和系统性,便于操作与维护,能够较准确地检测出主轴部件的各个性能参数。通过对测试数据进行处理分析,总结出此类型的高速电主轴具有较好的综合性能。但是其在振动方面的性能还有待改进,可以通过提高刚度、减少质量的方法提高电主轴固有频率。
[Abstract]:Spindle component is an important functional component of high-grade CNC machine tool. Testing and analyzing its performance, finding out its shortcomings and optimizing and improving it is the basis to ensure the good performance and reliability of the whole machine. It is of great guiding significance to improve the machining accuracy of machine tools. In order to find out the weak links of spindle components and improve their performance and quality, the test technology of spindle components is studied. Firstly, the key factors affecting the performance and working accuracy of the spindle are analyzed, and the performance evaluation parameters are determined. Combined with the national testing standard, the analysis and test method is put forward, and a set of more complete comprehensive performance testing specification for spindle components is established. In order to understand the dynamic characteristics of high speed motorized spindle, the dynamic stiffness, natural frequency and vibration mode of motorized spindle based on the joint surface characteristics of high speed motorized spindle unit and spindle box are obtained by simulation and analysis. A convenient and fast hammering method is used to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the analysis method, which provides a theoretical basis for the design and analysis of spindle products and the construction of the next test platform. According to the test specification and analysis results, the spindle test platform suitable for different specifications and structures is designed, and the test software matching with the test platform is developed. At the same time, the modal analysis and statics analysis of the gantry structure of the test platform are carried out, and the results show that it can meet the test requirements. The whole test system has the functions of data acquisition, transmission, processing, evaluation and output. It can measure and analyze the stiffness, rotation accuracy, temperature, noise, vibration and other performance parameters of the spindle components in real time on-line. The integration and automation of performance testing of spindle functional components are realized. Taking GZ35000 motorized spindle produced by Qinghai Huading equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd as an example, the test system is tested and verified, which proves that the system is universal and systematic, and is convenient for operation and maintenance. The performance parameters of the spindle components can be detected more accurately. Through the processing and analysis of the test data, it is concluded that this type of high speed motorized spindle has good comprehensive performance. However, its vibration performance still needs to be improved, and the natural frequency of motorized spindle can be improved by improving stiffness and reducing mass.
【学位授予单位】：青海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG659

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