基于Flexsim的城市公交系统仿真

发布时间：2018-01-05 21:28

本文关键词：基于Flexsim的城市公交系统仿真　出处：《东北大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济和城市化的快速发展,机动车拥有量不断增长使交通需求急剧增加,由此带来的交通拥堵等问题日益严重。公交系统作为市民最主要的出行方式,由于受到自身及交通条件的制约,其优势没有得到充分发挥。因此,优化公交系统性能成为城市发展和市民生活质量提高的必然要求。传统的数学方法将交通流近似为流体来研究,然而实际情况中交通流经常出现的间断性与流体的连续性存在差异。用数学模型来描述公交系统微观层次的细节存在局限性,离散虚拟现实的仿真技术作为一种重要的研究手段可以有效避免这一缺陷。在这样的背景下,本文采用仿真技术研究公交系统,期望通过静态规划和动态调度的方法,有效提高公交系统的运营效率。主要内容包括：第一,本文基于Flexsim面向对象的离散虚拟现实仿真技术,建立一个单线对开公交线路仿真系统和一个考虑换乘的多线路公交仿真系统。这两个仿真系统可以设置公交参数、统计公交数据、模拟公交系统异常情况、验证公交调度策略、动态演示公交系统的运营过程。在正确实现了公交车辆定时发车、沿线行驶、到站停靠、接送乘客等主要运营过程的基础上,仿真系统通过图形用户界面实现了使用者与仿真模型的信息交互,这使得扰动异常的模拟和调度策略的实施都可以通过人为控制作用于仿真系统。仿真系统通过设置漫游路径,借助于Flexsim真实的3D显示效果,可以在飞行模式中从不同的角度观察临时实体的变化、系统状态和运营情况。第二,本文在考虑乘客候车可能离开选择其他出行方式的情况下,建立了公交发车间隔的规划模型,并通过枚举方法求解。模型将公交发车间隔作为决策变量,以车辆满载率为约束,在保障乘客的候车时间不会过长的前提下,最大化公交公司每天运营的收益。第三,在建立的公交仿真系统的基础上,本文针对公交系统静态规划和动态调度两种不同的方式分别设计实验,讨论了发车间隔对乘客候车时间以及乘客选择的出行方式的影响、发车间隔的大小与波动对车头时距稳定性的影响、车辆驻站时间对乘客候车时间的影响。在不同参数配置的场景下,评估这些可控参数对公交系统服务性能以及经济效益的作用,针对提高公交系统服务性能的目标提出了可行方案。本文将建立的公交仿真系统作为实验平台,针对多种交通情况进行仿真实验,可以安全快速地看到仿真结果,为管理者做出正确决策提供可靠的实验依据,帮助管理者合理配置公交车辆,有效协调乘客需求与公交资源之间的供求关系,进而提高城市公交系统的运营效率和服务性能,为乘客提供更加优质的服务。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy and urbanization, the increasing number of motor vehicles makes the traffic demand increase sharply, resulting in traffic congestion and other problems. Public transport system as the most important way to travel. Due to the constraints of its own and traffic conditions, its advantages have not been fully brought into play. Optimizing the performance of public transport system has become an inevitable requirement of urban development and the improvement of the quality of life of citizens. Traditional mathematical methods approximate the traffic flow as a fluid to study. However, there are some differences between the discontinuity of traffic flow and the continuity of fluid in practice. It is limited to use mathematical model to describe the details of public transport system at the micro level. As an important research method, the simulation technology of discrete virtual reality can effectively avoid this defect. In this context, this paper uses simulation technology to study public transport system. It is expected that the operation efficiency of public transport system can be improved effectively through static planning and dynamic scheduling. The main contents are as follows: first, this paper based on Flexsim object-oriented discrete virtual reality simulation technology. A single line off-line bus line simulation system and a multi-line bus simulation system considering transfer are established. These two simulation systems can set up bus parameters, statistics the bus data, and simulate the abnormal situation of the bus system. Verify the bus scheduling strategy, dynamic demonstration of the operation process of the public transport system. On the basis of the correct implementation of the bus vehicle scheduled departure, along the route, stop, pick up passengers and other main operating process. The simulation system realizes the information interaction between the user and the simulation model through the graphical user interface. This makes the simulation of disturbance anomaly and the implementation of scheduling strategy can be applied to the simulation system through artificial control. The simulation system can set the roaming path with the help of the real 3D display effect of Flexsim. In flight mode, we can observe the changes of temporary entities, system status and operation from different angles. Secondly, this paper considers the possibility of passengers leaving and choosing other modes of travel. The planning model of bus departure interval is established and solved by enumeration method. The model takes the bus departure interval as a decision variable and takes the full load rate as the constraint to ensure that the waiting time of passengers will not be too long. Third, on the basis of the established bus simulation system, this paper designs experiments for static planning and dynamic scheduling of public transport system. The influence of departure interval on the passenger waiting time and the travel mode chosen by passengers is discussed. The influence of the size and fluctuation of departure interval on the headspace stability is also discussed. The effect of vehicle stop time on the waiting time of passengers. In the scenario of different parameters configuration, the effects of these controllable parameters on the service performance and economic benefits of public transport system are evaluated. In order to improve the service performance of public transport system, a feasible scheme is put forward. In this paper, the bus simulation system is used as the experimental platform, and the simulation experiments are carried out according to a variety of traffic conditions. It can safely and quickly see the simulation results, provide reliable experimental basis for managers to make correct decisions, help managers to allocate public transport vehicles reasonably, and effectively coordinate the supply and demand relationship between passenger demand and public transport resources. Then improve the operation efficiency and service performance of urban public transport system, and provide better service for passengers.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.17

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