夜间公路隧道出入口段驾驶员眼动特性研究

发布时间：2018-01-06 22:18

本文关键词：夜间公路隧道出入口段驾驶员眼动特性研究　出处：《长安大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着交通事业的发展和技术的进步，我国公路隧道通车里程逐年增加。交通事故资料表明，公路隧道出入口段夜间事故发生比例非常高，其中与驾驶员相关的事故率最高。90%以上的道路交通信息是驾驶员通过眼睛来获得的，因此，夜间公路隧道出入口段驾驶员眼动特征的研究具有重大意义。本文收集了近些年国内435起典型公路隧道事故，对其中203起夜间隧道交通事故形态分布与空间分布两个方面进行系统归纳、总结。将眼睛累计注视时间、平均注视时间、注视持续时间、瞳孔面积以及扫视幅度作为驾驶员眼动特性表征参数。进行实际隧道实验，利用眼动仪采集驾驶员各眼动数据，分析普通路段和隧道出入口段夜间驾驶员眼动参数差异性和变化情况。使用回归方法建立夜间驾驶员眼动注视时间、注视次数、扫视幅度和隧道出、入口距离的数学模型。研究表明：普通路段夜间驾驶员的平均注视时间小于入口段和出口段，入口段驾驶员长时间持续注视百分率最高，入口段平均瞳孔面积均小于其它各路段，，各路段之间驾驶员眼动累计注视时间百分率变化不大；入口段注视时间先不断减少后慢慢增加，注视次数亦先减少后增加，瞳孔面积慢慢变小，而扫视幅度逐渐增加后趋于稳定；出口段从驾驶员发现隧道出口起，注视时间先减少后增加，注视次数先增加后减少，瞳孔面积慢慢变大，而扫视幅度逐渐减少，出隧道后注视次数稍微增加，注视时间增加，瞳孔面积继续增大而后趋于稳定，扫视幅度平稳变化。本文为改善夜间公路隧道行车条件提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:With the development of transportation industry and the progress of technology, the mileage of highway tunnel is increasing year by year. The traffic accident data show that the rate of night accident at the entrance and exit of highway tunnel is very high. Among them, the accident rate related to drivers is the highest. 90% of the road traffic information is obtained by the driver through the eyes, so. It is of great significance to study the eye movement of drivers at the entrance and exit of highway tunnel at night. This paper collected 435 typical road tunnel accidents in China in recent years, 203 of which were summarized systematically in the form distribution and space distribution of traffic accidents at night. Summary. The cumulative fixation time, average fixation time, fixation duration, pupil area and acuity of the eye were taken as the parameters to characterize the driver's eye movement characteristics. The actual tunnel experiment was carried out. Using eye movement instrument to collect driver's eye movement data and analyze the difference and variation of eye movement parameters in ordinary road section and tunnel entrance and exit section. The regression method was used to establish the eye movement fixation time of night driver. A mathematical model of the number of fixations, the sweep amplitude, and the tunnel exit, and the distance between the entrances and the entrances. The results show that the average fixation time of the drivers at night is less than that of the entrance section and the exit section, and the percentage of sustained fixation is the highest in the entry section, and the average pupil area of the entrance section is smaller than that of other sections. There was little change in the percentage of eye movement cumulative fixation time between different sections of the road. The fixation time of the entrance segment decreased at first and then increased slowly, the fixation frequency decreased first and then increased, the pupil area gradually became smaller, and the acuity of the eye swept gradually increased and then tended to stabilize. From the moment the driver found the tunnel exit, the fixation time first decreased and then increased, the number of fixation increased first and then decreased, the pupil area gradually became larger, and the range of scan gradually decreased, and the fixation frequency increased slightly after the tunnel. With the increase of fixation time, the pupil area continues to increase and then tends to be stable, and the range of eye scan changes steadily. This paper provides a theoretical basis for improving the driving conditions of highway tunnels at night.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U453.1;U471.3

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