桥梁健康监测系统的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-01-07 16:26

本文关键词：桥梁健康监测系统的设计与实现　出处：《太原理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着城镇化进程的加快,城市集群的建立与完善,越来越多的基础设施建设加紧动工。现代桥梁的作用已经不仅仅局限于沟通一条河两岸的发展,更多的是作为交通运输的关键节点,在国民经济与现代化建设中起到重要的作用。桥梁在运营过程中,受到环境的影响、化学物质的侵蚀以及桥梁自身材料性能的不断退化,这些都可能导致部分构件在没有达到设计寿命之前就产生不同程度的劣化和损伤,如果不能及时发现并采取维修措施,不仅会影响到行车安全,严重的更可能导致桥梁结构的破坏,缩短桥梁的使用寿命甚至坍塌,给人民的生命财产带来损失。很长一段时间来,传统的桥梁健康检测以人工检测为主,在实际应用中有很大的局限性：耗时、费力、效率低,甚至检测的结果可能会因人为因素出现漏判和误判。桥梁健康监测系统,是一个集成了传感器子系统、数据采集传输子系统以及健康监测软件子系统的统一化、高效率的平台,通过准确且科学的获取传感器端的数据,合理运用多种算法对采回数据进行分析处理,并利用曲线、图表等直观的形式呈现出来,为桥梁使用寿命的评估、管养、维护与统筹决策提供科学的依据,保障桥梁长期安全的运营,对国民经济的发展和社会的安定起到至关重要的作用。本文是在导师的悉心指导下,在研究与归纳当前国内外桥梁健康监测系统以及状态评估技术的基础上,根据实际桥梁的特点,确定了桥梁健康监测系统的总体设计构思并进行了相应的软件设计开发。主要完成的工作如下： 1)通过对桥梁健康监测系统发展与应用的分析与总结,吸取行业内可借鉴利用的经验教训,确定了桥梁健康监测系统的基本技术原理、结构组成、现阶段存在的问题以及对应的解决方案。 2)根据桥梁特点与用户需求分析,提出了适合桥梁本身的设计方案,开发了基于B/S结构的桥梁健康监测系统。系统运用有限元原理构造桥梁的3D有限元模型,直观的展示了大桥的结构以及传感器的布设位置；在数据采集过程中,根据不同需要设计了多种数据存储模式,方便管理人员使用；设定了多级阈值,实现了实时监测的阂值报警；根据需求设计了数据库,数据管理时可查询历史数据并进行分析计算并实现了数据的图表显示。 3)采用层次分析法对桥梁进行了分层评分,实现了三个级别的状态分级并建立了健康档案,方便桥梁管理人员记录查询所有信息并对桥梁现阶段健康状态有直观的了解。 4)系统经大桥实地安装调试,其功能能适用于大桥长期稳定监测,测试的精度与可靠性都符合管理部门的需要,表现出了良好的稳定性与实用性。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization, the establishment and improvement of urban clusters, more and more infrastructure construction has been stepped up. The role of modern bridges is not limited to the development of a river. As the key node of transportation, it plays an important role in the national economy and modernization construction. The bridge is affected by the environment in the operation process. The erosion of chemical substances and the continuous degradation of the material properties of bridges may lead to the deterioration and damage of some components before they reach the design life. If not timely detection and maintenance measures, not only will affect the safety of traffic, serious more likely to lead to the destruction of the bridge structure, shorten the service life of the bridge or even collapse. For a long time, the traditional bridge health detection focused on manual detection, which has a lot of limitations in practical application: time-consuming, laborious, low efficiency. Even the results of the test may be due to human factors and miscarriage of justice. Bridge health monitoring system is an integrated sensor subsystem, data acquisition and transmission subsystem and health monitoring software subsystem unified, high efficiency platform. Through the accurate and scientific acquisition of sensor data, reasonable use of a variety of algorithms to analyze and process the collected data, and the use of curves, charts and other intuitive forms, for the bridge life evaluation. It is very important for the development of the national economy and the stability of the society to provide scientific basis for the maintenance, maintenance and overall decision-making of the bridge and to ensure the long-term safe operation of the bridge. Under the guidance of the tutor, this paper studies and summarizes the current bridge health monitoring system and status assessment technology, according to the characteristics of the actual bridge. The overall design concept of the bridge health monitoring system is determined and the corresponding software design and development are carried out. The main work accomplished is as follows: 1) through the analysis and summary of the development and application of bridge health monitoring system, the basic technical principle and structure composition of bridge health monitoring system are determined by drawing lessons from the experience and lessons that can be used for reference in the industry. Existing problems and corresponding solutions at this stage. 2) according to the analysis of the characteristics of the bridge and the needs of the users, the design scheme suitable for the bridge itself is put forward. The bridge health monitoring system based on the B / S structure is developed. The 3D finite element model of the bridge is constructed by using the finite element principle. The bridge structure and the location of the sensor are displayed intuitively. In the process of data acquisition, a variety of data storage modes are designed according to different needs, which is convenient for managers to use. The multilevel threshold is set, and the threshold value alarm is realized in real time monitoring. The database is designed according to the requirement, and the historical data can be queried, analyzed and calculated when the data is managed, and the chart display of the data is realized. 3) the hierarchical grading of the bridge was carried out by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the state grading of the three levels was realized and the health records were established. It is convenient for bridge managers to record and query all information and have an intuitive understanding of the bridge's current state of health. 4) the system is installed and debugged through the bridge field, and its function can be applied to the long-term stability monitoring of the bridge. The accuracy and reliability of the test meet the needs of the management department and show good stability and practicability.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U446

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