城市核心家庭日常活动时空间特征及决策机理

发布时间：2018-01-09 00:16

本文关键词：城市核心家庭日常活动时空间特征及决策机理　出处：《昆明理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：基于活动的出行行为分析方法是针对基于出行的四阶段法在传统交通出行需求预测中显现出的不足所提出来的,该理论认为出行是活动的派生需求,规划者应该结合活动背景来考虑个人的出行决策。然而随着研究的深入,国内外学者虽然在理论方面取得一定的进展,但研究范畴依然主要局限在基于个人的行为决策分析上,仅有少量研究将家庭要素视为居民活动出行决策的外部属性,对于家庭内部各角色活动出行决策机制的相互作用和相互影响机理则缺乏深入分析。而根据行为理论,家庭是居民活动出行的决策者,从基于家庭的范畴来分析活动较基于个人的视角要复杂得多,至少体现在：一、多人,即家庭是由一个以上的成员组成而非简单的集合；二、多活动,即活动是连续的,一日中活动与活动之间也是相互关联的,城市居民的活动出行决策是按照时间顺序将一日中多个活动进行综合考虑,而不是仅局限在某一两类活动之间。此外,基于时间地理学的思想,认为人类空间行为与客观制约之间存在因果关系,并且特别重视个体选择行为背后所受到的制约条件及其来源与机制。家庭作为个人最小化的社会存在方式,与其他家庭成员共享家庭资源、分担家庭事务,可以说个人选择行为是在家庭以及家庭成员相互作用和相互制约下做出的决策。因此,本论文基于前人的研究,结合国家自然科学基金项目《城市自行车交通换乘选择机理及节点优化方法研究》(编号：51068013),选取家庭为研究对象,基于时间地理学的思想,力图从制约观的视角,着重从“多人多活动”两个方面尝试家庭活动—出行的研究方法,主要完成的研究工作如下：第一、提出活动制约度：将所研究的活动类型进行均一化、定量化整理,并在借鉴生态位理论的基础上,尝试性地提出家庭活动制约位的概念及测度方法,以此构建基于家庭的活动制约位宽度矩阵,将家庭成员间的相互影响关系通过制约矩阵来表达,并提出基于家庭的城市居民活动出行决策框架。第二、构建基于家庭的二维出行链分析工具：以家庭活动空间为中心,以各成员活动时空路径为主体,使家庭成员活动间的相互影响效应得以显化。并从时间制约、空间制约和人员组合制约三个层面,归纳家庭二维出行来的三种时空间共存情况,并据此得到不同制约情景下的四种家庭类型,即夫妻家事分担型、女方家事承担型、男方家事承担型以及个人活动制约型。同时,应用结构方程理论,验证了典型家务型家庭男女家长时空间共存特征随制约环境改变而产生的演化规律。第三、构建用于解释家庭成员活动出行决策过程的两个模型：基于家庭的工作日出行链决策模型和核心家庭活动—出行交互机理模型。深入分析了在家庭制约环境下个体的出行决策过程及家庭成员间的相互影响机理,较为系统和全面地研究了家庭背景下城市居民活动出行决策机理。
[Abstract]:Travel behavior analysis method based on activity is shown for the four stage method of travel based on travel demand forecasting in the traditional traffic mentioned above, the theory that is derived from travel activities, planners should consider individual activities combined with the background of travel decision-making. However, with the deepening of the study, although the domestic and foreign scholars some progress in theory, but the research category is still mainly in the analysis based on individual behavior, only a small amount of family elements regarded as external property residents travel decision-making, is the lack of in-depth analysis of the interaction in the family role travel decision-making mechanism and interaction mechanism according to the behavior. The family is the residents travel activity theory, decision makers from the family based on the scope of analysis is based on the personal point of view is much more complicated, at least Embodied in: first, many people, the family is set by members of more than one component rather than simple; two, many activities, which is continuous, between activities in a day is interconnected, activity travel decision of city residents is according to the time sequence of multiple activities in a day comprehensive consideration, not only between the one or two types of activities in a certain time geography. In addition, based on the idea that there is a causal relationship between human spatial behavior and objective constraints, and pay special attention to the constraints of individual choice behavior behind by its sources and mechanism. The family as a personal minimization of social existence, family resources sharing with other family members, sharing family affairs, can be said that individual choice behavior is made in the family and family interaction and mutual restriction of decision-making. Therefore, this paper is based on the previous theory The research, funded by the National Natural Science Funds Transfer "city bicycle traffic and node selection mechanism optimization method research" (No. 51068013), select the family as the research object, based on the theory of time geography, tries to restrict the view, mainly from the two aspects of "activity" many people try to study the method of family activities travel, the main research work is as follows: first, the activities of the degree of restriction: the types of activities were normalized, quantitative and finishing, based on niche theory, try to put forward the concept of family activities and a control measure, in order to build a family activity based on the control of bit width the matrix will influence each other, relationship between family members expressed by restriction matrix, and put forward the city residents travel decision-making framework based on family. Second, based on the construction of the family Two dimensional trip chain analysis tools: the family space as the center, to the members of the space-time path as the main body, the effect of interaction between family members between the manifest. And from the time constraints, space constraints and personnel control in three aspects, summed up three kinds of family of 2D space to coexist. According to four types of families of different control scenarios, couples sharing the housework, the woman's family bear type, family type and the man bear personal activity restriction. At the same time, the application of structural equation theory, verify the evolution of typical family house men and women parents due to restricted space coexistence of environmental changes. Third, set up to explain the two model family members travel decision-making process: family work of the trip chain model and the core family activity travel model based on interaction mechanism This paper analyzes the travel decision-making process and the interaction mechanism between family members under family constraint environment, and systematically and comprehensively studies the mechanism of urban residents' activity trip decision under family background.

【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.1

【相似文献】