高速公路护栏端头碰撞能量衰减装置性能模拟仿真研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 20:04

本文关键词：高速公路护栏端头碰撞能量衰减装置性能模拟仿真研究　出处：《东北林业大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：汽车数量和高速公路修建里程数的相继增加,直接导致了交通事故数的大幅度提高。其中汽车与护栏碰撞、刮擦或者直接越出道路外所造成的事故导致了严重的生命财产损失。因此,改进高速公路护栏及护栏端头现有的结构形式,研究分析高速公路交通安全设施的工作具有非常重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。首先,本论文基于国内外的护栏研究现状和评价标准,结合我国道路防护设施的实际需要,研究和分析并总结出适合我国道路条件的护栏端头研究内容、研究方法、技术路线。其次,本文拟采用计算机仿真法进行研究,应用Pro/Engineer软件和ANSYS/workbench、LS-DYNA软件进行建模、静力加载试验和动力仿真试验。对汽车-护栏端头控制理论进行了详细分析,分析了汽车与护栏碰撞过程的有限元方法基本原理和有关算法,从有限元求解控制方程、单元算法、应力修正、接触碰撞界面以及时间积分、沙漏控制等方面进行考虑,根据实际情况选择适合的控制方程和单元算法,为后续的车辆与护栏端头碰撞能量衰减装置性能研究提供了理论依据。本文从高速公路交通安全现状实际需求和创新的角度出发,研发了新型半壳体护栏端头和圆筒护栏端头结构的高速公路碰撞能量衰减装置并对其进行计算机模拟仿真和动力学特性的分析研究。应用动力学仿真试验分析了在不同碰撞条件下的碰撞过程,得到碰撞过程中的应力分布状态、变形形成过程与动能转化规律。给未来开展交通安全设施研究领域人员提供一定的理论参考价值。根据护栏耐撞性水平的评价标准及仿真结果分析,本论文研究的两种高速公路护栏端头碰撞能量衰减装置具有良好的端头整体韧性和缓冲性能,能够有效的吸收碰撞能量,可以有效的衰减碰撞冲击力,并尽量避免车辆及车乘人员因承受过大压力或翻出护栏而发生严重的交通事故。本论文所设计的高速公路护栏端头碰撞能量衰减装置具备制造成本低,外表美观,安装维修容易等优点。该高速公路护栏碰撞能量衰减装置主要应用在高速公路波形板护栏、混凝土护栏的端部,也可以应用在交通分流处三角地带、中央分隔带开口以及隧道入、出口处等位置。研究结果具有良好的市场应用前景。
[Abstract]:The increase of the number of vehicles and the mileage of highway construction has directly led to a large increase in the number of traffic accidents, in which cars collide with guardrail. The accident caused by scraping or crossing the road directly leads to serious loss of life and property. Therefore, improve the existing structure of highway guardrail and guardrail end. It is of great theoretical significance and practical value to study and analyze the work of highway traffic safety facilities. First of all, based on the research status and evaluation standards of guardrail at home and abroad, combined with the actual needs of road protection facilities in China, this paper studies and summarizes the research content of guardrail terminal which is suitable for the road conditions of our country. Research method, technical route. Secondly, this paper uses computer simulation method to study, using Pro/Engineer software and ANSYS / workbench LS-DYNA software to model. Static loading test and dynamic simulation test. The control theory of the end of the automobile-guardrail is analyzed in detail, and the basic principle of the finite element method and the related algorithms are analyzed. From the finite element solution control equation, element algorithm, stress correction, contact collision interface and time integration, hourglass control and other aspects to consider, according to the actual situation, select the appropriate control equation and element algorithm. It provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent research on the performance of the energy attenuation device for the collision between the end of vehicle and the guardrail. This article from the highway traffic safety present situation actual demand and the innovation angle. In this paper, a new type of semi-shell guardrail end and cylinder guardrail end structure for freeway collision energy attenuation device are developed, and the computer simulation and dynamic characteristic analysis are carried out. The dynamic simulation experiment is used to analyze the impact energy attenuation device of freeway. The collision process under different collision conditions. The stress distribution, deformation formation and kinetic energy transformation in collision process are obtained, which provides a certain theoretical reference value for future researchers in the field of traffic safety facilities research. According to the evaluation standard of barrier crashworthiness level and the analysis of simulation results, the two kinds of energy attenuation devices for freeway guardrail end collision studied in this paper have good overall toughness and buffering performance. It can absorb the collision energy effectively and attenuate the impact force effectively. As far as possible to avoid vehicles and car crew due to excessive pressure or fencing out of serious traffic accidents. This paper designed the highway guardrail end impact energy attenuation device with low manufacturing costs. The device is mainly used in the corrugated guardrail, the end of concrete guardrail, and can also be used in the triangulation of traffic diversion. The results of the study have a good prospect of market application.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U417.12

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