面向可持续发展的交通信号配时优化研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 22:18

本文关键词：面向可持续发展的交通信号配时优化研究　出处：《华中科技大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：交通信号控制是城市交通系统中非常重要的组成部分。现有的相关研究主要侧重于缓解交通拥堵、减少交通延误和提高车辆通行能力等问题。近年来,全球变暖、能源短缺等问题严重影响到人类的生存环境,而交通问题是其重要来源。建立一个高效同时兼顾环境和能源因素的交通信号控制系统是发展可持续交通系统的重要内容,也是当前我国交通规划管理部门迫切需要解决的问题,具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文在分析国内外交通信号控制研究现状的基础上,将环境和能源因素纳入到交通信号控制策略中,对面向可持续发展的信号配时问题开展了系统深入的研究。研究内容主要包括：首先,研究了考虑环境和公平性因素的信号配时优化问题。论文首次揭示了交通信号配时问题背后可能诱发的不公平现象,提出了一个明确地考虑公平性问题的交通信号配时多目标双层规划模型。上层问题是寻求道路网络备用容量最大化,以及道路网络中交通排放总量最小化。下层模型为考虑了车辆在信号控制交叉口延误的确定性用户均衡问题。由于两个目标的单位不一致,不能直接求和运算,提出了将不可通约的目标函数化为同一单位的方法,设计了一个在模拟退火算法中嵌入罚函数法的求解算法。结果表明储备容量扩张和绿信比的变化对网络流量分布和网络交通排放量具有显著的影响。其次,建立了面向能源可持续和考虑异质用户行为的信号配时优化模型。模型综合考虑了两类局中人(信号设计者和道路使用者)与交通信号设置和能源政策(燃油附加费)之间的相互作用,以及异质用户的路径选择行为差异。提出了考虑信号交叉口延误和弹性出行需求的多类用户随机网络均衡问题,并表述为一个等价的变分不等式问题,交通信号设计者通过优化交通信号配时和燃油附加费,来提高交通系统的社会福利。设计了一个基于模拟退火的求解算法来求解该模型。结果表明,燃油附加费政策的实施会引起空间和社会不公平性问题。最后,对面向环境和能源可持续发展的公交优先预信号设置问题开展了研究。在保证公交优先的同时,分别以降低燃油消耗和车辆尾气排放为目标进行信号配时优化。分析研究了预信号设置的布局方法、主信号与预信号之间的协调关系、预信号设置前后的延误分析和燃油消耗以及尾气排放物的变化规律。研究结果表明预信号设置能够使人均延误减少,同时能使公交车辆的燃油消耗和尾气排放降低,但是社会车辆的燃油消耗和尾气排放有所增加；通过优化公交优先交叉口预信号配时,可以找到使整个交叉口的燃油消耗(或尾气排放)最低的信号配时。本文研究成果可为相关部门设计一个面向可持续发展的绿色城市交通信号系统提供有力工具,从而促进交通系统与环境和能源系统协调发展。
[Abstract]:Traffic signal control is a very important part of urban traffic system. The existing research focuses on alleviating traffic congestion, reducing traffic delay and improving vehicle capacity. Global warming, energy shortage and other problems seriously affect the human living environment. Traffic problem is an important source. It is an important content of developing sustainable traffic system to establish a traffic signal control system which takes environmental and energy factors into account. It is also an urgent problem to be solved by the traffic planning and management department in China, which has important theoretical and practical significance. This paper analyzes the current situation of traffic signal control research at home and abroad. The environmental and energy factors are integrated into the traffic signal control strategy, and the sustainable development oriented signal timing problem is studied systematically and deeply. The main contents of the research are as follows: Firstly, the signal timing optimization problem considering the environment and fairness factors is studied. For the first time, this paper reveals the unfair phenomenon that may be induced by the traffic signal timing problem. This paper presents a multi-objective bilevel programming model for traffic signal timing, which explicitly considers fairness. The upper level problem is to maximize the standby capacity of road networks. The lower model considers the deterministic user equilibrium problem of vehicle delay at signal-controlled intersection. Because the units of the two objectives are not consistent, it can not be directly calculated. A method of converting irreducible objective function into the same unit is proposed. In this paper, a penalty function algorithm embedded in simulated annealing algorithm is designed. The results show that the expansion of reserve capacity and the change of green letter ratio have significant effects on the network traffic distribution and network traffic emissions. Second. A signal timing optimization model for energy sustainability and consideration of heterogeneous user behavior is established. The model synthesizes two categories of people (signal designers and road users) and traffic signal settings and energy policies (. Fuel surcharge). Considering the delay of signalized intersections and the demand of flexible travel, the stochastic network equalization problem of multi-class users is proposed, which is described as an equivalent variational inequality problem. Traffic signal designers improve the social welfare of transportation system by optimizing traffic signal timing and fuel surcharge. A simulated annealing algorithm is designed to solve the model. The implementation of fuel surcharge policy will cause space and social unfairness. Finally, the problem of bus priority pre-signal setting for the sustainable development of environment and energy is studied, which ensures the priority of public transport at the same time. Aiming at reducing fuel consumption and vehicle exhaust emission respectively, the signal timing optimization is carried out. The layout method of pre-signal setting and the coordination relationship between main signal and pre-signal are analyzed and studied. The results show that the pre-signal setting can reduce the per capita delay. At the same time, the fuel consumption and exhaust emission of public transport vehicles can be reduced, but the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of social vehicles have increased. By optimizing the pre-signal matching at the bus priority intersection, the signal timing with the lowest fuel consumption (or exhaust emission) can be found. The research results in this paper can provide a powerful tool for the relevant departments to design a green urban traffic signal system for sustainable development, thus promoting the coordinated development of the transportation system with the environment and energy system.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.54

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