杨凌道路交通事故成因及对策研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 22:57

本文关键词： 交通事故成因对策研究　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：交通安全一直是一个世界性问题，备受国际社会关注，它已成为人类非正常伤亡的重要因素。我国每年因交通事故而伤亡的人数都在10万左右，每年死亡于交通事故的人数排名世界第一，，道路交通安全形势不仅非常严峻而且呈现日益恶化的态势。我国的交通安全问题的产生是由多方面的因素造成的，主体因素即交通参与者，尤其是驾驶员，在交通事故预防中及其重要的作用，驾驶员是安全驾驶活动的信息处理者、决策者、调节者以及控制者，是安全驾驶行为中的一个重要群体。因此，基于驾驶员的安全驾驶行为分析交通事故的成因及其管理，有助于控制以及预防交通事故的发生频率与损害程度，保障人们的生命安全。本文通过查询文献及相关资料，了解、分析我国交通安全管理现状；通过分析相关数据与资料，得出杨凌区交通事故的时空分布特征规律，进一步通过量化数据及建立模型从年龄、学历、心理素质、疲劳驾驶等方面分析驾驶员这一决定性因素，并对其原因进行剖析；通过层次分析法对交通安全影响因素体系进行了分层研究，得出影响交通安全的各因素所占权重，其中驾驶员因素占最大权重。综上所述，人是交通事故的主导因素，起决定作用，提出采取避免驾驶员认知失误、改善驾驶员知觉特性、提高驾驶员职业素养、加强交通安全教育等有效措施，以减少人为失误，保证交通安全。本文对开展驾驶员培训和道路交通安全管理工作，提高驾驶员的事故预防能力具有参考意义，为改善杨凌的交通安全现状，有效地预防道路交通事故，提供理论上的支持，也对提高交通安全管理水平、创建和谐交通的新局面具有重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Traffic safety has always been a worldwide problem, which has attracted the attention of the international community. It has become an important factor of human abnormal casualties. The number of casualties caused by traffic accidents in China is about 100,000 every year. The number of people killed in traffic accidents ranks first in the world every year. The situation of road traffic safety is not only very severe but also presents a deteriorating situation. The emergence of traffic safety problems in China is caused by many factors. The main factors are traffic participants, especially drivers, which play an important role in the prevention of traffic accidents. Drivers are information handlers, decision makers, regulators and controllers of safe driving activities. Therefore, analyzing the causes and management of traffic accidents based on drivers' safe driving behavior will help to control and prevent the frequency and damage of traffic accidents. To ensure the safety of people's lives. This paper analyzes the current situation of traffic safety management in China by consulting the literature and related materials. Through the analysis of relevant data and data, the characteristics of traffic accidents in Yangling area are obtained, and further through the quantitative data and the establishment of models from age, education, psychological quality. Fatigue driving and other aspects of the driver analysis of this decisive factor, and its causes are analyzed; Based on the hierarchical analysis of traffic safety factors system, the weight of various factors affecting traffic safety is obtained, in which driver factors account for the largest weight. To sum up, human is the leading factor in traffic accidents, which plays a decisive role, and proposes to avoid cognitive errors of drivers, improve drivers' perceptual characteristics, and improve drivers' professional literacy. To strengthen traffic safety education and other effective measures to reduce human error and ensure traffic safety. This paper has reference significance for driver training and road traffic safety management to improve drivers' ability of accident prevention. In order to improve Yang Ling's present situation of traffic safety, effectively prevent road traffic accidents and provide theoretical support, it is also of great practical significance to improve the level of traffic safety management and create a new situation of harmonious traffic.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.31

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