城市道路交叉口的交通拥堵成因分析与车辆延误模型研究

发布时间：2018-01-23 09:57

本文关键词： 车辆交通拥堵流体力学模型瓶颈延误　出处：《广西大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在社会经济迅速发展的带动下,人们的生活水平有很大提高,出行方式也变得多样化,以步行的方式到达短距离的目的地；利用火车、汽车、飞机等交通工具到达更远的目的地,活动空间和出行范围得到很大的扩展。然而,在全世界各个大城市中,交通拥堵、交通事故、由机动车引起的能源消耗和尾气排放,引起越来越多的人关注。车辆交通流相关的问题和困难已经激发广大科研工作者的广泛兴趣。大量的实验数据表明,80%以上的延误集中在城市交叉路口和道路瓶颈,平面交叉路口的通行能力往往不足70%,城市大面积交通拥堵往往是由于交叉路口的通行能力不足和区域交通混乱造成的。解决城市交通拥堵的关键是解决城市交叉路口的通行能力问题。本文的工作如下： (1)采用Jiang-Wu模型模拟典型道路交叉口交通拥堵,分析形成交叉口和主干道上游大面积拥堵的原因。对广西大学火炬路交叉口的模拟和实测分析表明：转弯车流过大,车辆在车流交汇处停留时间过长,是造成拥堵的主要原因。建议：在高峰期限制转弯车流和合理设置隔离带,避免各个方向的交通流交缠在一起。 (2)提出有道路缩减瓶颈的双车道速度梯度模型,分析在慢车道有道路缩减瓶颈的车流的运动规律和演化过程。分析得到,当慢车道自由速度较小或快车道的密度分布较低,快车道的车流更容易在瓶颈处产生大扰动,形成集簇,车辆频繁加速减速。同时,集簇随时间向上游传播。由于快车道和慢车道是关联的,慢车道也出现车辆密度起伏。在快慢车道上,局部密度交换变化。 (3)通过研究和分析Australian延误模型和Canadian延误模型,在现有的这两个模型的基础上,改进延误模型。改进的延误模型在饱和度较低和在饱和度较高的情况,与Australian延误模型和Canadian模型很接近；在饱和度接近1时,改进的延误模型较好地与路口实测结果吻合。结合我国的交通状况与国外的交通状况的差别,分析原因。最后,总结了本文的工作,并对文章的内容提出不足之处与改进方法,对今后的研究工作进行展望。
[Abstract]:Driven by the rapid development of social economy, people's living standards have been greatly improved, and their travel modes have become diversified, and they have reached short distances by walking. The use of trains, cars, planes and other means of transport to reach further destinations, activity space and travel range has been greatly expanded. However, in the world's major cities, traffic congestion, traffic accidents. The energy consumption and exhaust emissions caused by motor vehicles have attracted more and more attention. The problems and difficulties related to vehicle traffic flow have aroused the extensive interest of the majority of researchers. A large number of experimental data show that. More than 80% delays focus on urban intersections and road bottlenecks, and the capacity of horizontal intersections is often less than 70%. A large area of urban traffic congestion is often caused by insufficient traffic capacity at intersections and regional traffic chaos. The key to solve urban traffic congestion is to solve the problem of traffic capacity at urban intersections. The work of this paper is as follows. Below:. 1) Jiang-Wu model is used to simulate the traffic congestion at typical road intersections. The simulation and actual measurement analysis on the intersection of Guangxi University Torch Road show that the traffic flow in turn is too large and the vehicle stays at the intersection of the traffic flow is too long. It is suggested that the traffic flow should be restricted during the rush hour and the separation belt should be set up so as to avoid the intertwining of traffic flow in all directions. 2) A two-lane velocity gradient model with road reduction bottleneck is proposed to analyze the motion law and evolution process of vehicle flow with road reduction bottleneck in slow lane. When the free speed of the slow lane is low or the density distribution of the fast lane is low, the traffic flow of the fast lane is easier to produce a large disturbance at the bottleneck, forming clusters, and the vehicle accelerates and slows down frequently. At the same time. The cluster propagates upstream with time. Because of the correlation between the fast lane and the slow lane, the density of the slow lane also fluctuates. On the fast track, the local density exchange changes. Through the research and analysis of Australian delay model and Canadian delay model, based on the existing two models. Improved delay model. The improved delay model is very close to Australian delay model and Canadian model in the case of low saturation and high saturation. At saturation close to 1:00, the improved delay model is in good agreement with the measured results at the intersection, and the reasons are analyzed according to the difference between the traffic situation of our country and that of foreign countries. Finally, this paper summarizes the work of this paper, and puts forward the deficiencies and improvement methods of the content of the article, and prospects the future research work.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.265

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