市场化条件下城市中心区机动车停车收费定价策略研究

发布时间：2018-01-28 21:30

本文关键词： 城市中心区停车收费博弈定价策略双层规划收费策略影响　出处：《西南交通大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着近年来城市化速度加快,CBD扩大,居民出行的增加,CBD区域更加拥堵,单一的无差别停车收费策略在缓解交通压力上的作用逐渐减少。单独研究CBD的停车收费定价问题,已经非常有必要。CBD停车设施种类繁多,各种停车设施采取何种差别收费才能更好的缓解交通压力需要及时解决。许多城市采用小时计费的方式来收取费用,这无形中降低了民众满意度,同时也不能很好的实施停车收费政策。与此同时,随着停车行业的市场化,在竞争条件下的私人停车场与公共停车场的价格博弈也在实际中显现。面对上述情况,本文首先研究城市中心区机动车停车的影响因素及时空特性,分析国内外停车收费定价策略的现状。通过分析国外部分国家的停车收费定价发展情况以及我国内地停车收费定价策略的现状,发现这些国家对我国停车收费定价发展的启示。其次,根据数学和运筹学原理,以用户角度为目标建立城市停车收费定价模型。其中,考虑不同出行者选择交通方式不同,并依据出行者不同时间价值,在不同停车收费地点及不同时段进行差别化收费,并通过算例分析说明所得策略的应用；根据经济学理论,以博弈论为基础建立市场条件下的公营与私营的博弈停车收费策略模型,依据逆向归纳法求解定价模型,并通过算例分析说明所得定价的合理性。再次,为了解决单一停车收费定价过程中存在的不足,提出差别化的停车双层规划定价模型。分析不同出行者的不同成本,建立上层为出行社会总效益最大化,下层为考虑停车收费运营者利润的弹性需求下的双层联合定价优化模型。通过算例,对联合收费决策模型进行研究,计算结果能够有效缓解路网拥堵,表明该模型与遗传—模拟退火算法是有效的。最后,根据国内外停车收费策略的影响分析的基础上,依据市场化条件下的停车收费定价实际情况,提出了以群决策网络层次分析为基础的停车收费场所的选择决策模型；以国外的停车收费策略影响分析经验为基础,设计了停车收费策略的影响分析过程,建立了影响分析的指标体系,将可拓层次综合理论应用于CBD停车收费策略影响分析中,通过计算各影响指标关于影响分析评价等级的关联度来分析评估策略。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization in recent years, the expansion of CBD, the increase of residents travel in CBD area is more congested. The role of a single non-differential parking pricing strategy in alleviating traffic pressure is gradually reduced. It is very necessary to study the parking pricing problem of CBD alone. There are many kinds of parking facilities in CBD. What kinds of parking facilities to take to better alleviate traffic pressure needs to be solved in time. Many cities use hourly billing to collect fees, which effectively reduces public satisfaction. At the same time, the parking fee policy can not be implemented very well. At the same time, with the marketization of parking industry, the price game between private parking and public parking under competitive conditions also appears in practice. In the face of the above situation, this paper firstly studies the influencing factors and space-time characteristics of motor vehicle parking in the urban center area. This paper analyzes the current situation of parking pricing strategy at home and abroad, through the analysis of parking pricing development in some foreign countries and the status quo of parking pricing strategy in mainland China. Discover these countries to our country parking charge pricing development enlightenment. Secondly, according to the principle of mathematics and operation research, the pricing model of urban parking fee is established based on the user's point of view, in which different travelers are considered to choose different modes of transportation, and according to the different time value of the traveler. The differential charging is carried out at different parking places and different periods, and the application of the strategy is illustrated by an example. According to the theory of economics, based on the game theory, the model of parking pricing strategy of public and private enterprises is established, and the pricing model is solved by reverse induction. An example is given to illustrate the rationality of the pricing. Thirdly, in order to solve the shortcomings in the process of single parking pricing, a differential parking bilevel programming pricing model is proposed, and the different costs of different travelers are analyzed. The upper layer is the maximum of the total social benefit of travel, the lower level is the double level joint pricing optimization model under the elastic demand considering the profit of the parking fee operator. Through the example, the decision model of joint charge is studied. The results show that the proposed model and the genetic simulated annealing algorithm are effective. Finally, based on the analysis of the impact of parking pricing strategy at home and abroad, according to the actual situation of parking pricing under the market conditions. A decision model of parking place selection based on hierarchical analysis of group decision network is put forward. Based on the experience of foreign parking toll strategy impact analysis, the impact analysis process of parking toll strategy is designed, and the index system of impact analysis is established. The extension hierarchy theory is applied to the impact analysis of CBD parking pricing strategy, and the evaluation strategy is analyzed by calculating the correlation degree of each impact index on the impact analysis and evaluation grade.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F572;U491.7

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